https://grihwiki.kenconklin.org/mediawiki/api.php?action=feedcontributions&user=Reid+Ginoza&feedformat=atomGrassrootWiki - User contributions [en]2024-03-28T09:39:57ZUser contributionsMediaWiki 1.29.1https://grihwiki.kenconklin.org/mediawiki/index.php?title=Template:Nhsc-v1-272&diff=5272Template:Nhsc-v1-2722007-08-10T08:15:43Z<p>Reid Ginoza: fixed underlines</p>
<hr />
<div>that Hawaii not interfere. The<br />
U.S. State Department took action and<br />
"Kalakaua was ordered to cease and<br />
desist from all inflammatory acts in<br />
other territories." <u>54</u>/<br />
<br />
The damage to Kalakaua had been<br />
done. The opposition had had enough<br />
of his conduct and his over-spending.<br />
The Hawaiian League was formed in<br />
December 1886, consisting of reformers<br />
and part-Hawaiians. The goals of this<br />
secret opposition group were divergent;<br />
"the conservative members<br />
simply wanted to force Gibson out of<br />
office, while the radicals wanted to<br />
overthrow the monarchy and establish a<br />
republic or seek annexation to the<br />
United States." <u>55</u>/ The membership,<br />
numbering about 400, was led by ruling<br />
officers called the "Committee of<br />
Thirteen." These leaders included<br />
Sanford Dole, Lorrin Thurston, W. R.<br />
Castle, and others who "announced, in<br />
Honolulu's newspapers, that it [the<br />
Hawaiian League] intended to dethrone<br />
Kalakaua—and that it had the armed<br />
might to do so." <u>56</u>/<br />
<br />
===<u>Events Leading to the 1887 Constitution</u> <u>57</u>/===<br />
<br />
The Hawaiian League acquired the<br />
Honolulu Rifles as a military ally in<br />
1887. The Honolulu Rifles company:<br />
<br />
:...was organized in the spring of 1884 by a group of men reported to be "interested in the formation of a semi-military and social organization." It had the approval of the cabinet and of Kalakaua, who suggested the name for the company, and it became one of the recognized volunteer military companies of the kingdom. It was an all-<u>haole</u> company, and made its first public appearance on April 26, 1885...The early enthusiasm [for it] soon waned and the Rifles attained relatively little prominence or importance until after Volney V. Ashford was elected captain on July 28, 1886. <u>58</u>/<br />
<br />
The Rifles went through various<br />
reorganizations and added members to<br />
their totals so that "at the end of<br />
June [1887], therefore, when the<br />
political crisis came to a head, the<br />
Honolulu Rifles consisted of a<br />
battalion of three companies commanded<br />
by Lieutenant Colonel Volney V.<br />
Ashford." <u>59</u>/ Ashford, with his<br />
decided military bent and one of the<br />
Hawaiian League's future radicals, was<br />
a Canadian who came to Hawaii about<br />
the beginning of 1885.<br />
<br />
It is impossible to ascertain the<br />
exact date that the Honolulu Rifles<br />
joined the Hawaiian League as their<br />
military ally. What is known is that<br />
Volney Ashford was their commander<br />
when the alliance occurred. Sanford<br />
Dole, an original member of the<br />
Hawaiian League, described the Rifles<br />
and their alliance with the League as<br />
follows: "A military organization of<br />
volunteers, young men of Honolulu, in<br />
several companies, a growth from the<br />
original Honolulu Rifles, was won to<br />
the support of the league, the<br />
commander, Colonel V. V. Ashford,<br />
becoming an enthusiastic advocate of<br />
its plans." <u>60</u>/ Kuykendall states<br />
that: "in all probability it was not a<br />
mere coincidence that the rapid<br />
expansion of the Honolulu Rifles<br />
occurred simultaneously with that of<br />
the Hawaiian League." <u>61</u>/<br />
<br />
Because the Hawaiian League was a<br />
secret organization, its origins and<br />
early history can only be found in<br />
papers of its original members, who<br />
played an active part in the League.<br />
There are only three published<br />
accounts of the League, and "these<br />
accounts were written long after the<br />
events which they describe; Dole's in<br />
1916, Ashford's in 1919, and<br />
{{p|272}}</div>Reid Ginozahttps://grihwiki.kenconklin.org/mediawiki/index.php?title=Template:Nhsc-v1-11&diff=5271Template:Nhsc-v1-112007-08-10T08:02:18Z<p>Reid Ginoza: /* CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS */ fixed spacing</p>
<hr />
<div>=Executive Summary=<br />
<br />
==VOLUME I==<br />
<br />
===CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS===<br />
The conclusions and recommendations of the Native Hawaiians Study Commission immediately follow this Executive Summary. They are not summarized here.<br />
<br />
===PART I, SOCIOECONOMIC AND CULTURAL SECTION===<br />
Part I of the Final Report of the<br />
Native Hawaiians Study Commission<br />
presents information and statistics on<br />
various socioeconomic and cultural<br />
factors affecting the lives of native<br />
Hawaiians. The contents of each<br />
chapter are summarized below.<br />
<br />
===="Demographics"====<br />
This chapter presents a demographic<br />
profile of native Hawaiians in the<br />
following areas.<br />
<br />
=====Characteristics of the Population=====<br />
After the the arrival of foreigners<br />
in Hawaii in 1778, the native<br />
population drastically declined. This<br />
trend was reversed in the beginning of<br />
this century when the part-Hawaiian<br />
population began a rapid increase , a<br />
trend that continues today.<br />
<br />
This section also summarizes the<br />
present characteristics of the native<br />
Hawaiian population. According to the<br />
State of Hawaii, in 1980 there were<br />
9,366 full-Hawaiians and 166,087 part-<br />
Hawaiians, comprising about 19 percent<br />
of the State's population. Native<br />
Hawaiians are a young population — in<br />
1980, the median age for males was<br />
22.0, and the median age for females<br />
was 23.2. The male/female ratio for<br />
native Hawaiians is fairly equal -- in<br />
1980 males accounted for 49.5 percent<br />
of the native Hawaiian population , and<br />
females accounted for 50.5 percent.<br />
<br />
=====Geographic Distribution=====<br />
The majority of the native Hawaiian<br />
population (as well as the majority of<br />
the State's population) lives on Oahu.<br />
There still exist pockets of native<br />
Hawaiians located in economically <br />
deprived, rural areas on many islands.<br />
<br />
=====Education=====<br />
The percentage of native Hawaiian<br />
children between the ages of 14 and 17<br />
who were enrolled in school in 1970<br />
was lower than that for any other<br />
group in Hawaii (91.6 percent for<br />
females and 90.7 percent for males,<br />
compared to an overall State figure of<br />
94.8 percent). The median number of<br />
years of school completed by native<br />
Hawaiians over 25 years of age in 1970<br />
was 12.0, compared to a State median<br />
of 12.3. Only 49.7 percent of native<br />
Hawaiians over 25 had graduated from<br />
high school in 1970. In 1970, only<br />
4.2 percent of native Hawaiians over<br />
25 had completed four or more years of<br />
college, a figure lower than that for<br />
any of the other ethnic groups in<br />
Hawaii.<br />
<br />
State of Hawaii data for 1977 show<br />
little improvement: only 46.9<br />
percent of native Hawaiians over 25<br />
had graduated from high school.<br />
Figures for that same year also showed<br />
that only 4.6 percent of native Hawaiians<br />
over 25 had completed four or<br />
more years of college, a percentage<br />
still lower than that for any other<br />
ethnic group. A 1976 Alu Like, Inc.,<br />
Needs Assessment Survey indicated,<br />
however, that education for their<br />
{{p|11}}</div>Reid Ginozahttps://grihwiki.kenconklin.org/mediawiki/index.php?title=Foundation_for_Economic_Education&diff=5246Foundation for Economic Education2007-01-30T22:45:16Z<p>Reid Ginoza: </p>
<hr />
<div>=Foundation for Economic Education=<br />
==Summer Seminars==<br />
===Undergraduate & Graduate===<br />
====Austrian Economics====<br />
[http://www.fee.org/seminars/austrian/ Website]<br />
<br>Sunday, July 22--Saturday July 28, 2007<br />
<br>Location: FEE<br />
<br>Application Deadline:<br />
<br>Notes: Advanced Students.<br />
====Freedom University====<br />
[http://www.fee.org/seminars/freedom-university/ Website]<br />
<br>Session 1: Monday, June 11 - Saturday, June 16, 2007<br />
<br>Application Deadline: June 1, 2007<br />
<br />
<br>Session 2: Monday, August 6 - Saturday, August 11, 2007<br />
<br>Application Deadline: June 20, 2007<br />
<br />
Location: FEE<br />
<br>Notes:<br />
===High School===<br />
====Freedom 101====<br />
[http://www.fee.org/seminars/freedom-101/ Website]<br />
<br>Sunday, July 4--Saturday, July 10, 2007<br />
<br>Application Deadline:<br />
<br>Notes:<br />
<br />
{{Summer Seminars}}</div>Reid Ginozahttps://grihwiki.kenconklin.org/mediawiki/index.php?title=Foundation_for_Economic_Education&diff=5237Foundation for Economic Education2006-12-28T00:27:57Z<p>Reid Ginoza: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{youthprogram<br />
|organization=Foundation for Economic Education<br />
|name=Young Scholars Colloquium; Liberty, Morality, and the Free Market; Freedom University; Austrian Economics<br />
|website=http://www.fee.org/seminars/ <br />
|type=Seminars<br />
|students=X <noinclude>[[Category:Students]]</noinclude><br />
|highSchool=X <noinclude>[[Category:High School]]</noinclude><br />
|college=X <noinclude>[[Category:College]]</noinclude><br />
|yearInternship=<br />
|summerInternship=<br />
|summerSeminars=X<br />
|scholarship=<br />
|essay=<br />
|books=<br />
|other=<br />
|deadline=<br />
|date=Various<br />
|notes=Four Seminars, One High School, three college<br />
|bottomnav=<noinclude><div style="font-size:smaller">Return to [[Youth Programs]]</div></noinclude><br />
}}<br />
<br />
{{Summer Seminars}}</div>Reid Ginozahttps://grihwiki.kenconklin.org/mediawiki/index.php?title=Template:Summer_Seminars&diff=5236Template:Summer Seminars2006-12-28T00:27:37Z<p>Reid Ginoza: </p>
<hr />
<div><br clear="all" /><br />
{| align="center" class="toccolours" cellspacing="0"<br />
|-<br />
! bgcolor="#CCCCCC" align="center" | [[Summer Seminars]]<br />
|-<br />
| align="center" style="font-size: 95%;" | [[Foundation for Economic Education]] | [[Independent Institute]]<br />
|}<br />
<noinclude><br />
[[Category:Summer Seminars]]<br />
</noinclude></div>Reid Ginozahttps://grihwiki.kenconklin.org/mediawiki/index.php?title=Independent_Institute&diff=4878Independent Institute2006-08-04T02:45:10Z<p>Reid Ginoza: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{youthprogram<br />
|organization={{Independent Institute}}<br />
|name=Liberty, Economy, and Society<br />
|website=http://www.independent.org/students/seminars/<br />
|type=Seminars<br />
|students=X<br />
|High School=X<br />
|college=X<br />
|postgrad=<br />
|educators=<br />
|yearInternship=<br />
|summerInternship=<br />
|summerSeminars=X<br />
|scholarship=<br />
|essay=<br />
|books=<br />
|other=<br />
|deadline=ASAP<br />
|date=Various<br />
|notes=<br />
}}</div>Reid Ginozahttps://grihwiki.kenconklin.org/mediawiki/index.php?title=Template:Nhsc-v1-497&diff=4871Template:Nhsc-v1-4972006-07-27T09:07:13Z<p>Reid Ginoza: </p>
<hr />
<div>Larry L. Kimura (for the Office of<br />
Hawaiian Affairs)<br />
<br />
Pauline N. King<br />
<br />
Everett Kahiliokalani "Sonny" Kinney<br />
<br />
Hideto Kono (Hawaii State Department<br />
of Planning and Economic<br />
Development)<br />
<br />
Poka Laenui (also known as Hayden F.<br />
Burgess)<br />
<br />
Kevin J. Lopez<br />
<br />
Ramon Lopez-Reyes (for the Office of<br />
Hawaiian Affairs)<br />
<br />
Richard Lyman, Jr.<br />
<br />
Melody MacKenzie (for the Office of<br />
Hawaiian Affairs)<br />
<br />
Melody MacKenzie and Jon Van Dyke (for<br />
the Office of Hawaiian Affairs)<br />
<br />
Mahalo Nui Loa<br />
<br />
Mrs. Victoria Mews<br />
<br />
Willard H. McGuire<br />
<br />
Elmer Miller<br />
<br />
Marion K. Morrison<br />
<br />
Tim Newstrom<br />
<br />
Georgiana K. Padeken (Hawaii State<br />
Department of Hawaiian Home Lands)<br />
<br />
George T. H. Pai<br />
<br />
Kawaipuna Prejean<br />
<br />
Alexander H. Raymond<br />
<br />
Everett R. Rhoades, M.D. (U.S.<br />
Department of Health and Human<br />
Services, Indian Health Service)<br />
<br />
Jerry L. Rogers (U.S. Department of<br />
Interior, National Park Service)<br />
<br />
Helena K. Wilcox Salazar<br />
<br />
Kenneth Smalley<br />
<br />
Thomas Marshall Spaulding (article<br />
by)<br />
<br />
Robert C. Schmitt (Hawaii Stare<br />
Statistician)<br />
<br />
Franklin Y. K. Sunn (Hawaii State<br />
Department of Social Services and<br />
Housing)<br />
<br />
Michael Tancayo<br />
<br />
Wayne C. Thiessen<br />
<br />
Donnis H. Thompson (Hawaii State<br />
Department of Education)<br />
<br />
Rory Soares Toomey<br />
<br />
Haunani-Kay Trask (November 23, 1982)<br />
<br />
Haunani-Kay Trask (for the Office of<br />
Hawaiian Affairs)<br />
<br />
Charles Trembath<br />
<br />
Brooke Trotter<br />
<br />
Kaolelo Lambert-John Ulaleo<br />
<br />
Mitsuo Uyehara<br />
<br />
Val (Dyeing & Carpet Cleaning Inc.)<br />
<br />
Ms. Mayleiday M. Van Ostrand<br />
<br />
W. Kaumualii Westlake (October 10,<br />
1982)<br />
<br />
W. Kaumualii Westlake (November 7,<br />
1982)<br />
<br />
M. K. Whitford<br />
<br />
Andrew White and Leonard Kwan, Jr.<br />
<br />
Toni Auld Yardley<br />
{{p|497}}</div>Reid Ginozahttps://grihwiki.kenconklin.org/mediawiki/index.php?title=Template:Nhsc-v1-496&diff=4870Template:Nhsc-v1-4962006-07-27T09:02:32Z<p>Reid Ginoza: </p>
<hr />
<div>=Written Comments Received By Native Hawaiians Study Commission *=<br />
==LIST OF COMMENTERS==<br />
Keith A. Abe<br />
<br />
John Agard<br />
<br />
Louis Agard (November 22, 1982)<br />
<br />
Louis Agard (January 24, 1983)<br />
<br />
Joshua C. Agsalud (Hawaii State Department of Labor and Industrial Relations)<br />
<br />
The Rev. Abraham K. Akaka<br />
<br />
Daniel K. Akaka (Member of Congress)<br />
<br />
Moanikeala Akaka<br />
<br />
Pualani Akaka-Kallstrom<br />
<br />
Herbert Jay (Nahaolelua) Almeida<br />
<br />
Mrs. Beatrice Kulia-Ika-Nuu Anderson<br />
<br />
George R. Ariyoshi (Governor, State of Hawaii)<br />
<br />
Lloyd Aubry (U.S. Department of<br />
Labor)<br />
<br />
Richard Kekuni Blaisdell, MD (January 12, 1983)<br />
<br />
Richard Kekuni Blaisdell, MD (for the Office of Hawaiian Affairs)<br />
<br />
Thomas A. Burch, MD (Hawaii State<br />
Department of Health)<br />
<br />
Kenneth C. "Keneke" Chan<br />
<br />
Colonel Arthur B. Chun<br />
<br />
Charles G. Clark (Hawaii State<br />
Department of Health)<br />
<br />
M. Ho'oipo DeCambra<br />
<br />
Vicki Elmer (U.S. Department of<br />
Housing and Urban Development)<br />
<br />
K. Hakakona<br />
<br />
John J. Hall<br />
<br />
Patrick W. Hanifin<br />
<br />
Cecil Heftel (Member of Congress)<br />
<br />
Ralph L. Heidenreich<br />
<br />
Bud Henry<br />
<br />
John Dominis Holt<br />
<br />
Mrs. Violet Ku'ulei Ihara<br />
<br />
Daniel K. Inouye (U.S. Senator)<br />
<br />
Rubellite K. Johnson (for the Office of Hawaiian Affairs)<br />
<br />
Georgette Kala<br />
<br />
Bill Kama<br />
<br />
Clarence K. Kamai<br />
<br />
Kawehi Kanui-Gill<br />
<br />
Joseph G. Kealoha, Jr. (Office of Hawaiian Affairs)<br />
<br />
Gard Kealoha<br />
<br />
H. K. Bruss Keppeler and Allen W. Woodell<br />
{{break}}<br />
<u>*</u>/ All written comments received<br />
by the Commission appear in the<br />
following pages, in alphabetical order<br />
as listed here.<br />
{{p|496}}</div>Reid Ginozahttps://grihwiki.kenconklin.org/mediawiki/index.php?title=Template:Nhsc-v1-495&diff=4869Template:Nhsc-v1-4952006-07-27T08:57:42Z<p>Reid Ginoza: </p>
<hr />
<div><u>25</u>/ Comment received from John M.<br />
Agard, Enclosure 1, p. 1.<br />
<br />
<u>26</u>/ See, for example, comments<br />
received from Bill Kama, p. 2; and<br />
John Dominis Holt, p. 1.<br />
<br />
<u>27</u>/ Comments received from Richard<br />
Lyman, Jr., p. 1; and Louis Agard<br />
(dated 11/22/82), p. 1.<br />
<br />
<u>28</u>/ See also comments received<br />
from Val (Al Dyeing and Carpet<br />
Cleaning, Inc.); and Tim Newstrom,<br />
p. 4.<br />
<br />
<u>29</u>/ Comment received from Kevin J.<br />
Lopes.<br />
<br />
<u>30</u>/ Comment received from Charles<br />
Trembath, p. 2.<br />
<br />
<u>31</u>/ See, for example, comments<br />
received from He Hawai'i Makou, p. 2;<br />
K. Hakakona; and Kaolelo Lambert-John<br />
Ulaleo, p. 4.<br />
<br />
<u>32</u>/ See comment from Wayne<br />
Thiessen.<br />
<br />
<u>33</u>/ See comment from John M.<br />
Agard, Enclosure 1, p. 2.<br />
<br />
<u>34</u>/ See comment received from<br />
Georgette Kala.<br />
<br />
<u>35</u>/ See comments received from:<br />
He Hawai'i Makou, p. 1; Kawaipuna<br />
Prejean, p. 3; and Everett<br />
Kahiliokalani "Sonny" Kinny, p. 6.<br />
<br />
<u>36</u>/ See, for example, comment<br />
received from Mayleiday M. Van<br />
Ostrand.<br />
<br />
<u>37</u>/ See comment received from<br />
Kawaipuna Prejean, p. 4.<br />
<br />
<u>38</u>/ See comment received from<br />
Clarence K. Kamai.<br />
<br />
<u>39</u>/ See comment from Haunani-Kay<br />
Trask, <u>et al</u>, p. 4.<br />
<br />
<u>40</u>/ See comment received from Bill<br />
Kama, p. 3.<br />
<br />
<u>41</u>/ Submitted by John M. Agard.<br />
<br />
<u>42</u>/ Received from Patrick W.<br />
Hanifin.<br />
<br />
<u>43</u>/ This report was received from<br />
the Office of Hawaiian Affairs before<br />
the publication of the Commission's<br />
Draft Report of Findings. Therefore,<br />
it is not reproduced in the Appendix<br />
with the other comments received by<br />
the Commission in response to its<br />
Draft Report.<br />
<br />
<u>44</u>/ Received from Wayne K.<br />
Westlake.<br />
<br />
<u>45</u>/ Submitted by L. L. (Bud) Henry.<br />
<br />
<u>46</u>/ Part of this paper,<br />
"Historical and Cultural Background,"<br />
is reproduced in its entirety in this<br />
Report, in the chapter entitled,<br />
"Health and Social Services." The<br />
entire paper appears in the Appendix.<br />
<br />
<u>47</u>/ The chapter in this Report<br />
entitled "Native Hawaiian Religion,"<br />
is a reproduction of this paper, in<br />
its entirety.<br />
<br />
<u>48</u>/ This paper is reproduced in<br />
its entirety in the "Language" section<br />
of this Report, in the chapter<br />
entitled "Native Hawaiian Culture."<br />
<br />
<u>49</u>/ This paper is referenced in<br />
the text of this Report, and appears<br />
in its entirety in the Appendix.<br />
<br />
<u>50</u>/ This paper is referenced in<br />
the text of this Report, and appears<br />
in its entirety in the Appendix.<br />
<br />
<u>51</u>/ This paper is referenced in<br />
the text of this Report, and appears<br />
in its entirety in the Appendix.<br />
{{p|495}}</div>Reid Ginozahttps://grihwiki.kenconklin.org/mediawiki/index.php?title=Template:Nhsc-v1-494&diff=4868Template:Nhsc-v1-4942006-07-27T08:46:18Z<p>Reid Ginoza: </p>
<hr />
<div>APPENDIX<br />
=NOTES=<br />
<u>1</u>/ See, for example, comments<br />
received from: George R. Ariyoshi,<br />
Governor of State of Hawaii; Gard<br />
Kealoha; Brooke Trotter; M. Ho'oipo<br />
DeCambra; and Herbert Jay (Nahaolelua)<br />
Almeida.<br />
<br />
<u>2</u>/ Comment received from Charles<br />
Trembath, p. 1.<br />
<br />
<u>3</u>/ Comment received from The Rev.<br />
Abraham K. Akaka, p. 2.<br />
<br />
<u>4</u>/ Comment received from<br />
Mrs. Violet Ku'ulei Ihara, p. 1.<br />
<br />
<u>5</u>/ Comment received from Robert C.<br />
Schmitt, p. 3.<br />
<br />
<u>6</u>/ See, for example, comments<br />
received from: Congressman Daniel K.<br />
Akaka, p. 1; Alexander H. Raymond, p.<br />
1; and Everett Kahiliokalani "Sonny"<br />
Kinney, p. 7.<br />
<br />
<u>7</u>/ Comments received from Michael<br />
Tancayo, p. 1; and Haunani-Kay Trask,<br />
et al, p. 7.<br />
<br />
<u>8</u>/ See, for example, comments<br />
received from Congressman Cecil<br />
Heftel, p. 1.<br />
<br />
<u>9</u>/ See, for example, comments<br />
received from Poka Laenui, p. 2.<br />
<br />
<u>10</u>/ Comment received from Haunani-<br />
Kay Trask, <u>et al</u>, p. 2.<br />
<br />
<u>11</u>/ Comment received from Michael<br />
Tancayo, p. 2.<br />
<br />
<u>12</u>/ Comments received from Elmer<br />
Miller, p. 6; and Kenneth Smalley,<br />
p. 1.<br />
<br />
<u>13</u>/ Comment received from Kenneth<br />
Smalley, p. 1.<br />
<br />
<u>14</u>/ Comment received from<br />
Alexander H. Raymond, p. 1.<br />
<br />
<u>15</u>/ See, for example, comments<br />
received from: Wayne K. Westlake, p.<br />
1; Pauline N. King, p. 1; Congressman<br />
Daniel K. Akaka, p. 2; Violet Ku'ulei<br />
Ihara, p. 1.<br />
<br />
<u>16</u>/ Suggested in comment received<br />
from Congressman Daniel K. Akaka,<br />
p. 2.<br />
<br />
<u>17</u>/ See, for example, comments<br />
received from: Bill Kama, p. 1; John<br />
J. Hall, p. 1; Pualani<br />
Akaka-Kallstrom, p. 1; Marion K.<br />
Morrison, p. 1; Kawaipuna Prejean, p.<br />
2; Kenneth C. "Keneke" Chan, p. 2; and<br />
Joseph G. Kealoha, Jr., p. 1.<br />
<br />
<u>18</u>/ See, for example, comments<br />
received from Haunani-Kay Trask, <u>et al</u>,<br />
p. 4; and Kenneth C. "Keneke" Chan,<br />
p. 2.<br />
<br />
<u>19</u>/ See, for example, comments<br />
received from Arthur B. Chun, p. 1.<br />
<br />
<u>20</u>/ See, for example, comments<br />
received from Keith S. Abe, p. 1.<br />
<br />
<u>21</u>/ See, for example, comments<br />
received from Clarence K. Kamai, p. 1;<br />
and Moanikeala Akaka, p. 1.<br />
<br />
<u>22</u>/ See, for example, comments<br />
received from Tim Newstrom, p. 3; and<br />
John Dominis Holt, p. 1.<br />
<br />
<u>23</u>/ See, for example, comments<br />
received from Moanikeala Akaka, p. 1;<br />
Arthur B. Chun, p. 3; and John Dominis<br />
Holt, p. 1.<br />
<br />
<u>24</u>/ See, for example, comments<br />
received from Bill Kama, p. 2; John M.<br />
Agard, Enclosure 1, p. 1; and<br />
Kawaipuna Prejean, p. 3.<br />
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<div>: —<u>Language Section of Native Hawaiians Study Commission Report</u>, by Larry L. Kimura; <u>48</u>/<br />
: —<u>The Demise of the Hawaiian Kingdom: Its Psycho-Cultural Impact and Moral Legacy</u>, by Ramon Lopez-Reyes; <u>49</u>/<br />
: —<u>Regarding the Legal Aspects</u>, by Melody MacKenzie and Jon Van Dyke; <u>50</u>/ and<br />
: —<u>An Historical Over-View of Hawaii: Pre-Contact to the Present</u>, by Haunani-Kay Trask. <u>51</u>/<br />
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<div>: the native Hawaiian people. <u>30</u>/ (The Commission also received other comments on restoring sovereignty. <u>31</u>/)<br />
* There be no monetary payment but that a "Hawaii Integrated Fleet Support Industry" program be created that would help native Hawaiians financially by creating new jobs. <u>32</u>/<br />
* That native Hawaiians be given an unencumbered land base from which revenues could be generated for deposit in a treasury; this treasury would then determine priorities for addressing native Hawaiian deficiencies. <u>33</u>/<br />
* Using monetary reparations payments to create educational, training, and cultural programs. <u>34</u>/<br />
<br />
The Commission also received<br />
comments criticizing the Federal<br />
Government for: pursuing a policy of<br />
genocide against native Hawaiians; <u>35</u>/<br />
using the island of Kahoolawe for<br />
bombing target practice; <u>36</u>/<br />
occupation by the U.S. military of<br />
land in Hawaii without paying rent;<br />
<u>37</u>/ and, not exploring a possible<br />
breach of trust against the State of<br />
Hawaii relating to the Hawaiian Home<br />
Lands program and the Hawaii<br />
Admissions Act. <u>38</u>/<br />
<br />
On the Hawaiian Home Lands program,<br />
one writer stated that a further<br />
discussion beyond the Inspector<br />
General's report was necessary. <u>39</u>/<br />
Another writer disagreed with the suggestion<br />
in the Draft Report (page 314)<br />
that homestead applicants who reject<br />
homestead sites be assigned a lower<br />
preference priority on the list of<br />
applicants and that they be dropped<br />
from the listings after a reasonable<br />
number of rejections. This writer<br />
suggested instead that a family be<br />
notified one year in advance of the<br />
homestead site availability in order<br />
to make the necessary arrangements to<br />
move to another island or find other<br />
employment, if necessary. <u>40</u>/<br />
<br />
Commenters also sent to the Commission<br />
several articles and publications. Among them are:<br />
* <u>The Sandalwood Trees; Politics and Hope</u>, by Louis Agard; <u>41</u>/<br />
* <u>Hawaiian Reparations: Nothing Lost, Nothing Owed</u>, by Patrick W. Hanifin; <u>42</u>/<br />
* <u>Sovereignty and Land: Honoring the Hawaiian Native Claim</u>, by Melody K. MacKenzie; <u>43</u>/<br />
* <u>The Crown Lands of Hawaii</u>, by Thomas Marshall Spaulding;<br />
* A three-part capsulized history on U.S. involvement in the overthrow of the Hawaiian monarchy by Wayne K. Westlake; <u>44</u>/<br />
* Three magazine articles written in 1893 on the prcs and cons of annexation of Hawaii to the United States; <u>45</u>/ and<br />
* Six papers written at the direction of, funded and submitted by the Office of Hawaiian Affairs:<br />
: —<u>Health Section of Native Hawaiians Study Commission Report</u>, by Richard Kekuni Blaisdell, M.D.; <u>46</u>/<br />
: —<u>Religion Section of Native Hawaiians Study Commission Report</u>, by Rubellite K. Johnson; <u>47</u>/<br />
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<div>: the native Hawaiian people. <u>30</u>/ (The Commission also received other comments on restoring sovereignty. <u>31</u>/)<br />
* There be no monetary payment but that a "Hawaii Integrated Fleet Support Industry" program be created that would help native Hawaiians financially by creating new jobs. <u>32</u>/<br />
* That native Hawaiians be given an unencumbered land base from which revenues could be generated for deposit in a treasury; this treasury would then determine priorities for addressing native Hawaiian deficiencies. <u>33</u>/<br />
* Using monetary reparations payments to create educational, training, and cultural programs. <u>34</u>/<br />
<br />
The Commission also received<br />
comments criticizing the Federal<br />
Government for: pursuing a policy of<br />
genocide against native Hawaiians; <u>35</u>/<br />
using the island of Kahoolawe for<br />
bombing target practice; <u>36</u>/<br />
occupation by the U.S. military of<br />
land in Hawaii without paying rent;<br />
<u>37</u>/ and, not exploring a possible<br />
breach of trust against the State of<br />
Hawaii relating to the Hawaiian Home<br />
Lands program and the Hawaii<br />
Admissions Act. <u>38</u>/<br />
<br />
On the Hawaiian Home Lands program,<br />
one writer stated that a further<br />
discussion beyond the Inspector<br />
General's report was necessary. <u>39</u>/<br />
Another writer disagreed with the suggestion<br />
in the Draft Report (page 314)<br />
that homestead applicants who reject<br />
homestead sites be assigned a lower<br />
preference priority on the list of<br />
applicants and that they be dropped<br />
from the listings after a reasonable<br />
number of rejections. This writer<br />
suggested instead that a family be<br />
notified one year in advance of the<br />
homestead site availability in order<br />
to make the necessary arrangements to<br />
move to another island or find other<br />
employment, if necessary. <u>40</u>/<br />
<br />
Commenters also sent to the Commission<br />
several articles and publications. Among them are:<br />
* <u>The Sandalwood Trees; Politics and Hope</u>, by Louis Agard; <u>41</u>/<br />
* <u>Hawaiian Reparations: Nothing Lost, Nothing Owed</u>, by Patrick W. Hanifin; <u>42</u>/<br />
* <u>Sovereignty and Land: Honoring the Hawaiian Native Claim</u>, by Melody K. MacKenzie; <u>43</u>/<br />
* <u>The Crown Lands of Hawaii</u>, by Thomas Marshall Spaulding;<br />
* A three-part capsulized history on U.S. involvement in the overthrow of the Hawaiian monarchy by Wayne K. Westlake; <u>44</u>/<br />
* Three magazine articles written in 1893 on the prcs and cons of annexation of Hawaii to the United States; <u>45</u>/ and<br />
* Six papers written at the direction of, funded and submitted by the Office of Hawaiian Affairs:<br />
: —<u<Health Section of Native Hawaiians Study Commission Report</u>, by Richard Kekuni Blaisdell, M.D.; <u>46</u>/<br />
: —<u>Religion Section of Native Hawaiians Study Commission Report</u>, by Rubellite K. Johnson; <u>47</u>/<br />
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<div>mention more of the "good" that the<br />
white people have contributed to<br />
Hawaii.<br />
<br />
The Commission attempted to address<br />
these charges of bias as the report<br />
was re-drafted. Considerable<br />
revisions were made in the text to<br />
reflect "both sides of the story,"<br />
based on written comments received by<br />
the Commission and citing specific<br />
comments where appropriate.<br />
<br />
The sources used in preparing the<br />
Commission's Draft Report were also<br />
criticized. Some comments criticized<br />
authors used as "sympathetic to the<br />
white side" <u>14</u>/ and others criticized<br />
the limited use of primary sources of<br />
information. <u>15</u>/ To address this<br />
problem, sources suggested by comments<br />
were used in revising the report where<br />
possible. In addition, a<br />
comprehensive list of references has<br />
been included in the Commission's<br />
Final Report <u>16</u>/ to assist readers of<br />
the report in further study of the<br />
issues presented here.<br />
<br />
The Commission received many<br />
comments discussing the omission of<br />
the culture and religion sections from<br />
the Draft Report. <u>17</u>/ Other comments<br />
voiced concern about the protection of<br />
native Hawaiian religious rights. <u>18</u>/<br />
The Commission's Final Report does<br />
contain sections on culture and<br />
religion, written by native Hawaiian<br />
authors.<br />
<br />
The Commission received a great<br />
number of comments discussing the<br />
historical basis for the Commission's<br />
legal findings. Many writers disputed<br />
the Draft Report's historical<br />
analysis, stating that it:<br />
<br />
* Contained inaccuracies; <u>19</u>/<br />
* Did not give sufficient weight to the native Hawaiian side of the story; <u>20</u>/<br />
* Failed to emphasize the importance of the role of U.S. military force in the overthrow of the monarchy; <u>21</u>/ and<br />
* Minimized the role of U.S. Minister John Stevens. <u>22</u>/<br />
<br />
Other comments discussed the<br />
statements and actions of President<br />
Graver Cleveland after the overthrow<br />
as a basis for U.S. Government<br />
culpability. <u>23</u>/<br />
<br />
Writers cited the above issues <u>24</u>/<br />
and others, including present<br />
deficiencies of native Hawaiians, <u>25</u>/<br />
to justify the payment of some type of<br />
restitution or reparations to the<br />
native Hawaiian people. <u>26</u>/ Some<br />
comments stated that if there is no<br />
legal right to such claims under<br />
present law, the U.S. Congress should<br />
pass legislation creating such a<br />
right. <u>27</u>/<br />
<br />
Comments received by the Commission<br />
present a wide variety of ideas on how<br />
a program of restitution could be<br />
implemented. With regard to return of<br />
lands, the Commission received 18<br />
newspaper cut-outs from the <u>Hawaiian News</u> (October 1982) asking the Commission<br />
to: "Please demand that the<br />
U.S. Congress return all of the<br />
144,000+ acres of ceded lands<br />
(according to Public Law 88-2 33) to<br />
the State of Hawaii immediately!" <u>28</u>/<br />
Among the proposals received on types<br />
of restitution are that:<br />
<br />
* There be no monetary payment, the Federal Government should purchase parcels of land in Hawaii, turn them over to the State, which would use some of the land for State parks and entrust the larger parcels to the Office of Hawaiian Affairs to be kept as wildlife sanctuaries. <u>29</u>/<br />
<br />
* Compensation should consist of reparations in the form of return of all Crown lands, and restitution in the form of restoring the sovereignty of<br />
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<div>=* Summary Of Written Comments Received By The Commission=<br />
The official comment period for the<br />
Draft Report of Findings of the Native<br />
Hawaiians Study Commission (published<br />
on September 23, 1982) ended on<br />
January 23, 1983. The initial deadline<br />
for comments on the Draft Report<br />
was November 23, 1982, but it was<br />
extended an additional 60 days at the<br />
request of several native Hawaiian<br />
groups and individuals. By May 1,<br />
1983, the Native Hawaiians Study<br />
Commission had received almost 100<br />
written comments on its Draft Report<br />
of Findings. All of these written<br />
comments are reproduced in full, as<br />
required by statute, in the next<br />
section of this Appendix. Many of the<br />
comments were used in revising the<br />
text of the Commission's Draft Report;<br />
these comments are referenced in the<br />
text where they were used. This<br />
summary specifically addresses those<br />
comments received by the Commission<br />
before February 10, 1983, that, while<br />
they were taken into account in the<br />
revision, were not specifically used<br />
or referenced in the text of the Commission's<br />
Final Report. Examples of<br />
specific comments that illustrate the<br />
points summarized here are given in<br />
the footnotes of this section.<br />
<br />
The Commission received numerous<br />
comments from individuals and organizations<br />
requesting an extension of<br />
the Commission's original sixty-day<br />
deadline for public comments. <u>1</u>/<br />
Comments cited problems of limited<br />
access and availability. To accommodate<br />
those who wished to comment,<br />
while at the same time meeting its<br />
statutory deadline for submission of<br />
the Final Report, the Commission<br />
extended the deadline for public<br />
comment by an additional 60 days, as<br />
noted above.<br />
<br />
In general, the Commission's Draft<br />
Report received mixed reviews. Some<br />
commenters called for a "second<br />
opinion," <u>2</u>/ labelled the report a<br />
"cursory statement" that should be put<br />
on hold, <u>3</u>/ or called for the report<br />
to be rewritten in its entirety. On<br />
the other hand, others thought that at<br />
least parts of the report were fairly<br />
well researched, very informative, <u>4</u>/<br />
and exhibited a satisfactory degree of<br />
competence and objectivity. <u>5</u>/<br />
<br />
One criticism that reappeared<br />
several times had to do with "bias."<br />
Some writers commented that the<br />
descriptions of Hawaiian culture and<br />
history had been written from a<br />
Western perspective and were therefore<br />
biased. <u>6</u>/ Use of statistics in the<br />
report was also thought to be biased<br />
by some commenters. <u>7</u>/ Others stated<br />
that because it is a politically-appointed<br />
body, the Commission may not<br />
be totally objective. <u>8</u>/ Several<br />
comments also noted that the Government<br />
"responsible" for the present<br />
native Hawaiian situation could not<br />
objectively recommend a resolution. <u>9</u>/<br />
One comment <u>10</u>/ suggested that to<br />
obviate this bias, the Commission<br />
should have a majority of native<br />
Hawaiian members with the remainder<br />
from the non-government sector. [It<br />
should be pointed out that Public Law<br />
96-565 specifically states that "not<br />
more than three" of the nine commissioners<br />
may be residents of the State<br />
of Hawaii.] Still another comment<br />
suggested that a "mini non-government-member"<br />
commission be created to deal<br />
with the issue of reparations to be<br />
composed of representatives of the<br />
minority races of the United States.<br />
<br />
Other comments dealing with the<br />
bias issue criticized the "kid-glove"<br />
treatment King Kalakaua received in<br />
the Draft Report. <u>12</u>/ Many comments<br />
alluded to white racism against native<br />
Hawaiians and at least one <u>13</u>/<br />
remarked that the report should<br />
{{p|490}}</div>Reid Ginozahttps://grihwiki.kenconklin.org/mediawiki/index.php?title=Template:Nhsc-v1-489&diff=4861Template:Nhsc-v1-4892006-07-24T09:04:32Z<p>Reid Ginoza: </p>
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<div>indigenous poeples of the United<br />
States. Congressional recognition of<br />
this unique attribute has resulted in<br />
the passage and implementation of<br />
Native American programs. Presently,<br />
Native Hawaiians are not consistently<br />
included in these efforts.<br />
<br />
Therefore, we recommend:<br />
* the inclusion of Native Hawaiians in all Native American programs, without prejudice;<br />
* a concerted study by federal and state professionals to adequately assess the needs of Native Hawaiians, and to provide additional assistance from existing programs;<br />
* the consideration of special Native Hawaiian programs at the federal level to redress these disadvantages.<br />
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<div>Native Hawaiians continue to<br />
experience a form of fatal impact<br />
usually associated with the last<br />
century. Neither Hawaiian nor Western<br />
medicine has effectively halted the<br />
damage.<br />
<br />
<u>Educational Concerns.</u> In the<br />
perceived needs assessments conducted<br />
by Alu Like, Inc., and additional<br />
polling done by the University of<br />
Hawai'i, education has consistently<br />
received top priority among Native<br />
Hawaiians as an identified need.<br />
<br />
These surveys and accompanying<br />
in-depth interviews contradict the<br />
impression often conveyed among<br />
professional educators that Native<br />
Hawaiian performance in schools is a<br />
consequence of not caring about or<br />
actively endorsing education by<br />
Hawaiian families.<br />
<br />
A number of independent studies,<br />
particularly the extensive research<br />
published by John Gallimore, substantiate<br />
that:<br />
* Native Hawaiian children are raised with culturally-distinctive values, behaviors, and styles; and<br />
* that these differences, unless recognized and accomodated, are in conflict with dominant Western modes.<br />
<br />
The Bishop Estate and Kamehameha<br />
Schools have recently completed a<br />
comprehensive Native Hawaiian Educational<br />
Assessment Project. Their<br />
report has been submitted to U.S.<br />
Secretary Bell of the Department of<br />
Education. We wish to include their<br />
report, findings and recommendations<br />
by reference.<br />
<br />
Certain salient findings of this<br />
Commission are offered in addition:<br />
* 30% of the school-age population of the State of Hawai'i is Native Hawaiian;<br />
* Native Hawaiian students have the highest rates of academic and behavioral problems in the State, the highest levels of absenteeism, and the lowest levels of performance and achievement; and<br />
* only 4.6% of all adult Hawaiians over 25 years of age have completed college, compared to a Statewide average of 11.3%, and only 12.3% have had "some college" compared to a Statewide average of 15.6%.<br />
<br />
<u>Employment and Income.</u> Directly<br />
correlated to educational achievement<br />
are employment and income statistics.<br />
Also a factor in these areas are<br />
family size and the large number of<br />
Hawaiian families with a female or<br />
single parent head-of-household:<br />
* nearly 30% of all Native Hawaiian families fall below the poverty line;<br />
* Native Hawaiians are disproportionately represented in blue-collar occupations, and under-represented in technical or managerial positions;<br />
* Native Hawaiians are significantly over-represented in unemployment benefit and Aid to Families with Dependent Children programs.<br />
====RECOMMENDATION #4====<br />
Based on the findings in all of the<br />
social categories, Native Hawaiians<br />
demonstrate the same distinct disadvantages<br />
experienced by other<br />
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<div>Dispossession and defeat also have<br />
psychological, social and cultural<br />
consequences for Native Hawaiians. By<br />
all major social indices — health,<br />
education, employment, income —<br />
Native Hawaiians display distinct disparities with their fellow citizens.<br />
<br />
<u>Health Concerns.</u> The impact of<br />
Western diseases on Native Hawaiians<br />
was historically devastating. Waves<br />
of epidemics reduced the estimated<br />
contact population of 300,000 in 1778,<br />
to 34,000 by 1893. The implications<br />
of this decimation have been<br />
considered in a variety of contexts.<br />
<br />
Western observers, beginning in<br />
1838, noted that unless some dramatic<br />
improvement were made in the health<br />
conditions of Native Hawaiians that<br />
the race would disappear. These<br />
initial feelings of horror and dismay<br />
over the fatal impact of Western<br />
contact gradually altered.<br />
<br />
After the publication of Darwin's<br />
<u>Origin of Species</u>, Europeans and<br />
Americans began to adopt the attitudes<br />
and policies of Social Darwinism. The<br />
theory of "the survival of the fittest" was applied to nations, and<br />
validated Western expansion and<br />
imperialism as the natural working out<br />
of an inevitable progression of<br />
conquest and colonization.<br />
<br />
Acquired immunity and intermarriage<br />
among Native Hawaiians,<br />
however, was reversing this trend.<br />
Demographic trends now indicate that<br />
the population had reached its lowest<br />
level in the final decade of the 19th<br />
Century, would stabilize for about<br />
twenty years, and then begin a<br />
dramatic recovery.<br />
<br />
Today's Native Hawaiian population<br />
numbers an estimated 175,000<br />
individuals, more than half of whom<br />
are less than 19 years old.<br />
<br />
The health characteristics of this<br />
group, however, are adversely and<br />
consistently affected by mental health<br />
disorders, stress-related diseases,<br />
and an absence of culturally-sensitive<br />
health professionals.<br />
<br />
As developed in depth within the<br />
body of this study, the following<br />
findings are offered:<br />
* the psychological despair and sense of being a conquered people in their own homeland is a factor in the health conditions of Native Hawaiians;<br />
* Native Hawaiians have the lowest life expectancy of any ethnic group in the State of Hawai'i: 67 years compared to a Statewide average of 74 years;<br />
* the leading causes of death for Native Hawaiians, in order of prevalence, are heart diseases, cancers, stroke, and accidents;<br />
* Native Hawaiians have the highest infant death rate in the State of Hawai'i: 14 per 1,000 live births compared to a statewide average of 10 per thousand;<br />
* mental health assessments indicate that Native Hawaiians have a higher-than-expected incidence of personality disorders, mental retardation, and drug abuse than their proportion of the population; and<br />
* suicide rates among Native Hawaiian males (statistics are unavailable for females) is the highest in the State of Hawai'i: 22.5 per 100,000 in the population, compared to a rate of 13.5 for males of all races in Hawai'i — rates in the 20-34 year age group of Native Hawaiians was even higher.<br />
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<div>From these findings, it is quite<br />
clear that the ceded lands trust was<br />
never intended nor construed to be<br />
restitution to Native Hawaiians.<br />
<br />
The provision for Native Hawaiians,<br />
however, persuasively argues that<br />
Congress has extended a preliminary<br />
recognition of Native Hawaiian<br />
interests in those lands.<br />
<br />
The State of Hawai'i, further, in<br />
the State Constitution of 1978,<br />
acknowledged the beneficiary interests<br />
of Native Hawaiians and provided a <u>pro rata</u> share of the ceded lands revenues<br />
be set aside for the "betterment of<br />
Native Hawaiians." These funds are<br />
administered and managed by the Office<br />
of Hawaiian Affairs whose Board of<br />
Trustees are elected by all<br />
Hawaiians.<br />
<br />
(It should be noted here, and will<br />
be discussed in detail later, that the<br />
Native Hawaiians definition of the<br />
Hawaiian Homes Act is different from<br />
that guiding this Commission.)<br />
<br />
This trust as a federal responsibility<br />
was not extinguished by the<br />
Admission Act or its terms. All ceded<br />
lands set aside for national park<br />
purposes were declared fee and the<br />
property of the Department of the<br />
Interior. However, it was the intent<br />
of Congress that all other lands<br />
controlled by the federal government<br />
were subject to return and incorporation<br />
into the trust of the State of<br />
Hawai'i.<br />
<br />
This reversionary interest of the<br />
State in all non-park federal lands is<br />
now also of explicit trust interest to<br />
Native Hawaiians by the establishment<br />
of the Office of Hawaiian Affairs.<br />
<br />
In the twenty-four years since<br />
Statehood, however, less than 600<br />
acres of federally-controlled ceded<br />
lands have been returned.<br />
====RECOMMENDATION #3====<br />
Based on these findings, and the<br />
now-explicit reversionary interests of<br />
the Native Hawaiians and the State of<br />
Hawai'i, the following recommendation<br />
is offered to the Congress:<br />
* that the Congress establish a Joint Federal-State Ceded Lands Commission for the State of Hawai'i, to review the present use and need for federally-controlled lands in Hawai'i;<br />
* that this Commission advise the Congress on the status of these lands, and have the authority to declare such lands surplus and available for return to the State of Hawai'i; and<br />
* that Native Hawaiians be included and consulted in the course of the Commission's review.<br />
<br />
<u>The Hawaiian Homes Trust.</u> A similar<br />
Federal-State Task Force is now<br />
completing a review of the Hawaiian<br />
Homes trust. This effort was prompted<br />
by an initial report of the Civil<br />
Rights Commission indicating that a<br />
breech of trust may have occurred in<br />
the administration and management of<br />
these lands.<br />
<br />
As constituted, this Task Force?<br />
will submit its findings and recommendations<br />
to the Governor of the<br />
State of Hawai'i and the Secretary of<br />
the Interior.<br />
<br />
Specific Congressional concerns and<br />
possible actions, however, will not be<br />
considered by this Task Force. Thus,<br />
it is our intention, based on the<br />
mandate of this Commission and the<br />
intense interest expressed by Native<br />
Hawaiians, to address possible areas<br />
of Congressional review.<br />
<br />
<u>Social Concerns.</u> The consequences<br />
of the overthrow of the Kingdom of<br />
Hawai'i by the United States are not<br />
confined to historical wrong or compensable<br />
claims for lost anchestral<br />
land rights and interests.<br />
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<div>* these Committees consult and involve Native Hawaiians to the greatest extent possible in the resolution of these claims, and that any proposed restitution be subject to formal acceptance by Native Hawaiians; and<br />
* pending resolution of these claims that the Congress take the appropriate action to assure that all lands controlled by the federal government in the State of Hawai'i maintain their current use and status, and that the archipelagic waters of Hawai'i enjoy the same security.<br />
<br />
Congressional consideration of<br />
restitution to Native Hawaiians for<br />
illegal American actions leading to<br />
the overthrow of the Kingdom will, in<br />
all likelihood, include an examination<br />
of existing trust relationships<br />
between the United States and Native<br />
Hawaiians. These trust relationships<br />
are distinct, albeit not separate,<br />
from the claims for compensable losses<br />
and damages.<br />
<br />
In order to help clarify the nature<br />
of the claims, however, a review of<br />
the trust relationships is a part of<br />
the groundwork necessary for<br />
determining restitution.<br />
<br />
<u>The Ceded Lands Trust.</u> The public,<br />
crown, and government lands of the<br />
Kingdom totalled approximately 1.9<br />
million acres -- nearly half the<br />
domain of the Islands. Under the<br />
control of the Republic of Hawai'i,<br />
200,000 acres of these once-inalienable<br />
lands were transferred to<br />
private ownership.<br />
<br />
At the time of American annexation<br />
of Hawai'i, then, the anchestral lands<br />
of Native Hawaiians encompassed 1.7<br />
million acres of Hawai'i, much of it<br />
planted in sugar and pineapple by the<br />
terms of royal leases. These leases<br />
were undisturbed by the Republic and<br />
remained in force under the United<br />
States.<br />
<br />
In the Joint Resolution of Annexation<br />
adopted by the Congress and passed<br />
by the Legislature of the Republic, the<br />
sovereignty and all "public, crown, or<br />
government lands" were ceded to the<br />
United States. This cession -- appropriate<br />
under international law -- was<br />
conducted without the consent of the<br />
people of Hawai'i and without compensation<br />
to Native Hawaiians.<br />
<br />
The terms of this transfer, their<br />
later discussion in numerous Congressional<br />
hearings on statehood for the<br />
Territory of Hawai'i, and the eventual<br />
ratification of the Admission Act,<br />
substantiate these findings:<br />
* the public, crown and government lands ceded to the United States were transferred as a trust to be maintained and managed for the benefit of all the "inhabitants" of Hawai'i;<br />
* this trust imposed fiduciary responsibilities on the United States and constrained the use, management and proceeds generated from the trust to public purposes;<br />
* the bulk of these lands were returned in fee to the State of Hawai'i in the Admission Act, with explicit trust impositions and the naming of two possible beneficiary classes: Native Hawaiians, as defined in the Hawaiian Homes Act, and the general public;<br />
* the broad public purposes enunciated as consistent with the trust could be fulfilled at the discretion of the State; however, any purpose outside those named would result in a breach of trust.<br />
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<div>: damages suffered by Native Hawaiians as a result of those actions.<br />
<br />
<u>Nature of the Losses and Damages.</u><br />
The Kingdom of Hawai'i and her people<br />
had a separate and distinct cultural,<br />
legal, and Constitutional history.<br />
Although strongly influenced by Euro-American models and individuals,<br />
Native Hawaiians had devised modern<br />
institutions of government, property<br />
and social organization which<br />
reflected both an ancient past and a<br />
contemporary standing among nations.<br />
<br />
What, then, were the nature of the<br />
losses and damages experienced by<br />
Native Hawaiians with the illegal<br />
overthrow of the Kingdom of Hawai'i?<br />
<br />
The lands and sovereignty of the<br />
Kingdom, and the interests of Native<br />
Hawaiians represented in them, are<br />
considered first.<br />
<br />
After an examination of traditional<br />
land tenure systems, Constitutional<br />
provisions, and related Kingdom laws,<br />
we find that:<br />
<br />
* Native Hawaiians held common and undivided anchestral land rights and interests vested in the domain and dominion of the Kingdom;<br />
* these anchestral land rights and interests were not diminished nor extinguished by any royal or government actions initiated by the Kingdom of Hawai'i, but were protected and guaranteed by legal titles held by the Kingdom for all public, government, and crown lands;<br />
* without the consent of or compensation to Native Hawaiians, these land rights and interests were assumed and subsequently ceded to the United States by a government whose existence was dependent on illegal actions by the United States;<br />
* these land rights and interests were accepted by the United States without the consent of or compensation to Native Hawaiians, and without any disclaimer provision to protect these land rights.<br />
<br />
Based on these findings, we advise<br />
the Congress that Native Hawaiians<br />
have compensable claims for the loss<br />
of anchestral land rights and<br />
interests vested in the domain and<br />
dominion of the Kingdom of Hawai'i.<br />
<br />
These compensable claims echo, but<br />
do not duplicate, similar claims by<br />
American Indians and Alaskan Natives.<br />
The strongest parallel among the<br />
claims is a call for American justice<br />
once a wrong has been acknowledged.<br />
<br />
Native Hawaiians are Americans now,<br />
proud of the ideals and qualities of<br />
justice through law. The pride in<br />
being Native Hawaiians is also strong.<br />
The overwhelming majority of native<br />
Hawaiians do not want history to be<br />
re-written or to separate themselves<br />
from the United States. As proud<br />
Americans and Native Hawaiians,<br />
though, there is a desire and a basis<br />
for a remedy to past losses and<br />
damages.<br />
<br />
====RECOMMENDATION #2====<br />
Therefore, we recommend to the<br />
Congress that:<br />
* the U.S. Senate Committee on Energy and Natural Resources and the U.S. House Committee on Insular and Interior Affairs consider and determine a just and equitable resolution of compensable claims by Native Hawaiians for losses of domain and dominion;<br />
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<div>=Summary Of Findings, Conclusions And Recommendations *=<br />
As traced in the legislative<br />
history of measures preceding the<br />
establishment of the Native Hawaiians<br />
Study Commission (NHSC), the<br />
Congress wished to be advised about:<br />
<br />
: 1) whether a wrong had been committed by the United States against the Native Hawaiian people; and<br />
<br />
: 2) what appropriate actions could be recommended to remedy such a wrong.<br />
<br />
It is the major finding of this<br />
Commission, after an examination of<br />
available governmental and historical<br />
records, that such a wrong did occur.<br />
The overthrow of the Kingdom of<br />
Hawai'i, the loss of Native Hawaiian<br />
domain and dominion, and accompanying<br />
social and cultural disruption among<br />
Native Hawaiians are consequences of<br />
that wrong.<br />
<br />
<u>Nature of the Wrong.</u> After a review<br />
of the documents and on-hand descriptions<br />
of the actions and events which<br />
culminated in the overthrow of the<br />
Kinqdom of Hawai'i, we find that:<br />
<br />
* the United States, and its officers in the State and Navy Departments, did incite and encourage treason against the legitimate government of the Kingdom of Hawai'i;<br />
<br />
* American diplomatic and military authorization of support to a numerically-small band of insurgents emboldened and, ultimately, directed their actions against the legal government of Hawai'i in 1893;<br />
<br />
* this domestic insurgence against the Queen and her government lacked popular support, did not have sufficient arms to succeed unaided, and would have failed without the acts of the United States;<br />
<br />
* the diplomatic and military intervention of the United States in support of the insurgents contituted a breech of international law, of existing treaties of friendship and trade with the Kingdom, and was an illegal and immoral act of war against an independent nation and her people; and<br />
<br />
* these actions by the United States compelled the Queen of Hawai'i to suspend her authority and that of her government to the United States, pending appropriate review.<br />
<br />
===RECOMMENDATION #1===<br />
Based on these findings, we recommend<br />
that:<br />
<br />
* the Congress of the United States, by Joint Resolution, clearly acknowledge the role and actions of the United States in the overthrow of the Kingdom of Hawai'i, and indicate its commitment to grant restitution for the losses and<br />
{{break}}<br />
*/ This is the substitute<br />
presented at the March 3, 1983 meeting<br />
of the Native Hawaiians Study Commission<br />
by three Native Hawaiians Study<br />
Commissioners (see above, "Approach<br />
and Methodology"). It is reproduced<br />
here unchanged.<br />
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<div>from the contingent fund of the Senate<br />
prior to the time appropriation is<br />
made, such payments shall be chargeable<br />
against the authorization<br />
provided herein.<br />
<br />
(b) The Secretary of the Treasury<br />
shall reserve a reasonable portion of<br />
the funds appropriated pursuant to<br />
subsection (a) of this section for the<br />
purpose of providinq payment for the<br />
transportation, subsistence, and<br />
reasonable expenses of the members of<br />
the Commission in testifying before<br />
the Congress with respect to their<br />
duties and activities while serving on<br />
the Commission or to such matters as<br />
may involve the findings of the study<br />
of the Commission after the expiration<br />
of the Commission pursuant to section<br />
304.<br />
<br />
Approved December 22, 1980.<br />
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<div>(k) The Commission may use the<br />
United States mails in the same manner<br />
and upon the same conditions as other<br />
departments and agencies of the United<br />
States.<br />
<br />
====DUTIES OF THE COMMISSION====<br />
Sec. 303. (a) The Commission shall<br />
conduct a study of the culture, needs<br />
and concerns of the Native Hawaiians.<br />
<br />
(b) The Commission shall conduct<br />
such hearings as it considers appropriate<br />
and shall provide notice of<br />
such hearings to the public, including<br />
information concerning the date,<br />
location and topic of each hearing.<br />
The Commission shall take other<br />
actions as it considers necessary to<br />
obtain full public participation in<br />
the study undertaken by the<br />
Commission.<br />
<br />
(c) Within one year after the date<br />
of its first meeting, the Commission<br />
shall publish a draft report of the<br />
findings of the study and shall<br />
distribute copies of the draft report<br />
to appropriate Federal and State<br />
agencies, to Native Hawaiian organizations,<br />
and upon request, to members of<br />
the public. The Commission shall<br />
solicit written comments from the<br />
organizations and individuals to whom<br />
copies of the draft report are<br />
distributed.<br />
<br />
(d) After taking into consideration<br />
any comments submitted to the Commission,<br />
the Commission shall issue a<br />
final report of the results of its<br />
study within nine months after the<br />
publication of its draft report. The<br />
Commission shall submit copies of the<br />
final report and copies of all written<br />
comments on the draft submitted to the<br />
Commission under paragraph (c) to the<br />
President and to the Committee on<br />
Energy and Natural Resources of the<br />
Senate and the Committee on Interior<br />
and Insular Affairs of the House of<br />
Representatives.<br />
<br />
(e) The Commission shall make<br />
recommendations to the Congress based<br />
on its findings and conclusions under<br />
subsection (a) of this section.<br />
====TERMINATION OF THE COMMISSION====<br />
Sec. 304. Except as provided in<br />
subsection (b) of section 307, upon<br />
the expiration of the sixty-day period<br />
following the submission of the report<br />
required by section 303, the<br />
Commission shall cease to exist.<br />
====DEFINITIONS====<br />
Sec. 305. For the purposes of this<br />
title, the term "Native Hawaiian"<br />
means any individual whose ancestors<br />
were natives of the area which<br />
consisted of the Hawaiian Islands<br />
prior 1778.<br />
====SAVINGS CLAUSES====<br />
Sec. 306. No provision of this<br />
title shall be construed as—<br />
: (1) constituting a jurisdictional act, conferring jurisdiction to sue, or granting implied consent to Native Hawaiians to sue the United States or any of its offices; or<br />
<br />
: (2) constituting a precedent for reopening, renegotiating, or legislating any past settlement involving land claims or other matters with any Native organization or any tribe, band, or identifiable group of American Indians.<br />
====AUTHORIZATION====<br />
Sec. 307. (a) There are hereby<br />
authorized to be appropriated for<br />
fiscal years 1982 and 1983 such sums<br />
as are necessary to carry out the<br />
provisions of this title. Until<br />
October 1, 1981, salaries and expenses<br />
of the Commission shall be paid from<br />
the contingent fund of the Senate upon<br />
vouchers approved by the Chairman. To<br />
the extent that any payments are made<br />
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<div>= * Public Law 96-565-Dec. 22, 1980=<br />
SEC. 301. This title may be cited<br />
as the "Native Hawaiians Study<br />
Commission Act".<br />
<br />
==NATIVE HAWAIIANS STUDY COMMISSION==<br />
<br />
SEC. 302. There is hereby<br />
established the Native Hawaiians Study<br />
Commission (hereinafter in this title<br />
referred to as the "Commission").<br />
<br />
(b) The Commission shall be<br />
composed of nine members appointed by<br />
the President. Not more than three of<br />
such members shall be residents of the<br />
State of Hawaii.<br />
<br />
(c) The Chairman and Vice Chairman<br />
of the Commission shall be designated<br />
by the President at the time of<br />
appointment.<br />
<br />
(d) Vacancies in the membership of<br />
the Commission shall not affect the<br />
powers of the remaining members to<br />
execute the functions of the Commission<br />
and shall be filled in the same<br />
manner in which the original<br />
appointments were made.<br />
<br />
(e) The President shall call the<br />
first meeting of the Commission not<br />
more than ninety days after the date<br />
of the enactment of this title.<br />
<br />
(f) Five members of the Commission<br />
shall constitute a quorum, but a<br />
smaller number specified by the Commission<br />
may conduct hearings.<br />
<br />
(g) Each member of the Commission<br />
shall receive $100 for each day such<br />
member is engaged in performing the<br />
duties of the Commission, except that<br />
members of the Commission who are<br />
full time officers or employees of the<br />
United States shall receive no<br />
additional pay on account of their<br />
service on the Commission other than<br />
official travel expenses.<br />
<br />
(h) While away from their homes or<br />
regular places of business in the<br />
performance of services for the Commission,<br />
members of the Commission<br />
(including members who are fulltine<br />
officers or employees of the United<br />
States) shall be allowed travel<br />
expenses, including per diem, in lieu<br />
of subsistence, in the same manner as<br />
persons employed intermittently in the<br />
Government service are allowed<br />
expenses under section 5703 of title<br />
5, United States Code.<br />
<br />
(i) Subject to such rules and<br />
regulations as may be adopted by the<br />
Commission, the Chairman may--<br />
: (1) appoint and fix the compensation of an executive director, a general counsel, and such additional staff as he deems necessary, without regard to the provisions of title 5, United States Code, governing appointments in the competitive service, and without regard to chapter 51 and subchapter III of chapter 53 of such title relating to classification and General Schedule pay rates, but at rates not in excess of the maximum rate of pay in effect from time to time for grade GS-18 of the General Schedule under section 53 32 of such title; and<br />
<br />
: (2) procure temporary and intermittent services to the same extent as is authorized by section 3109 of title 5, United States Code, but at rates not to exceed $100 a day for individuals.<br />
<br />
(j) Subject to section 552a of<br />
title 5, United States Code, the<br />
Commission may secure directly from<br />
any department or agency of the United<br />
States information necessary to enable<br />
it to carry out this title. Upon<br />
request of the Chairman of the Commission*<br />
the head of such department or<br />
agency shall furnish such information<br />
to the Commission.<br />
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<div>=Appendix=<br />
* Public Law 96-565, Title III<br />
* Substitute Findings/Conclusions/Recommendations Section Submitted at March 3, 1983 Native Hawaiians Study Commission Meeting<br />
* Summary of Written Comments Received by the Commission<br />
* Written Comments Received by the Commission<br />
<br />
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<div>A Hawaiian construction worker, in<br />
contemporary Hawaii, watches the<br />
concrete piles go up on another high<br />
rise.<br />
<br />
Photo by Robert Goodman.<br />
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<div>Instructions of the Secretary of State<br />
to Ministers in Hawaii, in the<br />
Records of the Department of State,<br />
in the National Archives,<br />
Washington, D.C.<br />
<br />
Kuykendall, R.S. <u>Hawaiian Diplomatic Correspondence in the Bureau of Indexes and Archives of the Department of State, Washington, D.C.</u> Honolulu, 1926.<br />
<br />
Letter Book of the Executive Council<br />
of the Republic, Archives of Hawaii,<br />
Honolulu, Hawaii.<br />
<br />
Liliuokalani Collection. Archives of<br />
Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii.<br />
<br />
Liliuokalani Diary. Archives of<br />
Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii.<br />
<br />
Minutes of the Cabinet Council of the<br />
Monarchy, Archives of Hawaii,<br />
Honolulu, Hawaii.<br />
<br />
Minutes of the Executive Council of<br />
the Provisional Government and of<br />
the Republic, Archives of Hawaii,<br />
Honolulu, Hawaii.<br />
<br />
Miscellaneous Archives-Memoranda of<br />
Conversations with the Secretary of<br />
State, 1893-1898, in the Records of<br />
the Department of State, in the<br />
National Archives, Washington, D.C.<br />
National Archives and Records Service,<br />
Record Group 45 (Records of the<br />
Department of the Navy) Area File<br />
9. Washington, D. C. [4]<br />
<br />
Proceedings of the Constitutional<br />
Convention 1894, Archives of Hawaii,<br />
Honolulu, Hawaii.<br />
<br />
Proceedings of the Executive and<br />
Advisory Councils of the Provisional<br />
Government of the Hawaiian Islands,<br />
1893-1895. Archives of Hawaii,<br />
Honolulu, Hawaii.<br />
<br />
Thomas M. Spauldmg Collection,<br />
Library of the University of<br />
Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.<br />
These papers consist of typewritten<br />
copies of documents which are housed<br />
in the Archives of Hawaii.<br />
<br />
United States, Ministers and<br />
Commissioners to Washington;<br />
Archives of Hawaii, Honolulu.<br />
Contains the instructions of the<br />
Hawaiian Foreign Officer under the<br />
Provisional Government to its<br />
representatives at Washington, and<br />
the despatches of the latter to the<br />
Hawaiian Foreign Minister. The<br />
contents are limited to the period<br />
of treaty negotiation durina the<br />
first half of 1893.<br />
<br />
United States, Ministers and Envoys to<br />
Washington; Archives of H^vaii,<br />
Honolulu. Contains the instructions<br />
of the Hawaiian Foreign Office under<br />
the Provisional Government and under<br />
the Republic to its representatives<br />
at Washington, and the despatches of<br />
the latter to the Hawaiian Foreign<br />
Minister. This file begins<br />
approximately at the point where the<br />
above one, Ministers and<br />
Commissioners, ends.<br />
<br />
U.S. Department of State. Papers<br />
relating to the mission of Janes H.<br />
Blount, United States Commission to<br />
the Hawaiian Islands.<br />
<br />
Wall, Charles Ormand, and Walter Wall.<br />
Letters concerning the counterrevolution<br />
of 1895. Robert Van Dyke<br />
collection.<br />
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<div>___. <u>1980 Census of the Population: Race of the Population by States: 1980</U>. Supplementary Report.<br />
PC80-S1-3. Washington: D.C.:<br />
Government Printing Office, July<br />
1981.<br />
<br />
___. <u>Statistical Abstract of the United States: 1981</u>. 102nd ed.,<br />
Washington, D.C.: Government<br />
Printing Office, 1981.<br />
<br />
U.S. Department of Defense. <u>Military Property Requirements in Hawaii</u>.<br />
MILPRO-HI. <u>State of Hawaii</u>.<br />
Washington, D.C., April 1979.<br />
<br />
U.S. Department of Energy. <u>Assessment of Geothermal Development Impact on Aboriginal Hawaiians</u>. Contract No.<br />
DE-FC03-79ET27133, February 1,<br />
1982.<br />
<br />
U.S. Department of Housing and Urban<br />
Development. Region IX. <u>Working Paper on Feasibility of Using HUD Programs on Hawaiian Homelands</u>. San<br />
Francisco: Office of Program<br />
Planning and Evaluation, June 1981.<br />
<br />
U.S. Department of the Interior.<br />
<u>Annual Report of the Governor of Hawaii to the Secretary of the Interior</u>. Washington, D.C.:<br />
Government Printing Office, 1901-<br />
1959.<br />
<br />
___. <u>Hawaii National Park</u>.<br />
Washington, D.C.: Government<br />
Printing Office, 1937.<br />
<br />
___. Bureau of Education. The<br />
Commission on Education. <u>Bulletin, 1920, No. 16, A Survey of Education in Hawaii</u>. Washington, D.C.:<br />
Government Printing Office, 1920.<br />
<br />
___. Office of Inspector General.<br />
<u>Review of Hawaiian Homes Commission Programs</u>, September, 1982.<br />
<br />
==D. ARCHIVES AND PRIVATE COLLECTIONS==<br />
Confidential Official Correspondence,<br />
No. 1 and No. 2, in the Records of<br />
the Department of the Navy, in the<br />
National Archives, Washington, D.C.<br />
<br />
Constitution of the Republic of<br />
Hawaii. Draft submitted to the<br />
Constitutional Convention by the<br />
Executive Council, in Archives of<br />
Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii.<br />
<br />
Consular Letters, in the Records of<br />
the Department of State, in the<br />
National Archives, Washington, D.C.<br />
<br />
Davies, Theo H. <u>Letters Upon the Political Crisis in Hawaii, January 1893 to January 1894</u>. Honolulu,<br />
1894.<br />
<br />
Despatches from American Ministers in<br />
Hawaii to the Secretary of State, in<br />
the Records of the Department of<br />
State, in the National Archives,<br />
Washington, D.C.<br />
<br />
Diplomatic Correspondence, January<br />
1892 to February 1893. Foreign<br />
Office and Executive File (Kingdom<br />
of Hawaii). Archives of Hawaii,<br />
Honolulu, Hawaii.<br />
<br />
Dole, Sanford B. Letters. Robert E.<br />
Van Dyke collection.<br />
<br />
___. Papers. Archives of Hawaii,<br />
Honolulu, Hawaii.<br />
<br />
Emerson, Nathaniel B. Papers. Six<br />
notebooks, containing statements by<br />
twenty-five persons involved in the<br />
counterrevolution of 1895. Robert<br />
E. Van Dyke collection.<br />
<br />
Frear, <u>The Evolution of the Hawaiian Judiciary</u>. Papers of the Hawaiian<br />
Historical Society, No. 7,<br />
Honolulu, 1894.<br />
<br />
General Correspondence of the<br />
Division of Offices and Fleet, 1887-<br />
1896, in the Records of the Department<br />
of the Navy, in the National<br />
Archives, Washington, D.C.<br />
{{p|476}}</div>Reid Ginozahttps://grihwiki.kenconklin.org/mediawiki/index.php?title=Template:Nhsc-v1-475&diff=4671Template:Nhsc-v1-4752006-07-06T08:22:45Z<p>Reid Ginoza: </p>
<hr />
<div>U.S. Congress. Senate. Committee on<br />
Interior and Insular Affairs.<br />
<u>Statehood for Hawaii</u>. Hearings,<br />
85th Cong., 1st Sess., Washington,<br />
D.C.: Government Printing Office,<br />
1949.<br />
<br />
___. <u>Statehood for Hawaii</u>. Hearings,<br />
83rd Cong., 1st and 2nd Sessions,<br />
Washington, D.C.: Government<br />
Printing Office, 1953, 1954.<br />
<br />
___. <u>Report on Statehood for Hawaii</u>.<br />
81st Cong., 2nd Sess., Washington,<br />
D.C.: Government Printing Office,<br />
June 29, 1950.<br />
<br />
U.S. Congress. Hearings Before a<br />
Joint Committee on Hawaii.<br />
<u>Statehood for Hawaii</u>. 75th Cong.,<br />
2nd Sess., Washington, D.C.:<br />
Government Printing Office, 1938.<br />
<br />
U.S. Congress. Senate. Select<br />
Committee on Indian Affairs. <u>Native Hawaiian Educational Assistance Act</u>.<br />
95th Cong., 2nd Sess., Washington,<br />
D.C.: Government Printing Office,<br />
1978, S. 857.<br />
<br />
U.S. Congress. Report of<br />
Subcommittee on Pacific Islands and<br />
Puerto Rico on <u>General Conditions in Hawaii, Hawaiian Investigations</u>.<br />
Vol. 3. Washington, D.C.:<br />
Government Printing Office, 1903.<br />
<br />
U.S. Congress. Senate. <u>Senate Executive Document 79</u>, 40th Cong.,<br />
2nd Sess., 1868.<br />
<br />
U.S. Congress. Senate. <u>Senate Executive Document 27</u>, 52nd Cong.,<br />
1st Session.<br />
<br />
U.S. Congress. Senate. <u>Senate Executive Document 77</u>, 52nd Cong.,<br />
2nd Session.<br />
<br />
U.S. Congress. Senate. <u>Senate Executive Document 77</u>, 53rd Cong.,<br />
2nd Session.<br />
<br />
U.S. Congress. Senate. <u>Senate Executive Document 16</u>, 53rd Cong.,<br />
3rd Session.<br />
<br />
U.S. Congress. Senate. <u>Senate Executive Document 21</u>, 55th Cong.,<br />
2nd Sess., 1898.<br />
<br />
U.S. Congress. Senate. <u>Senate Executive Document 109</u>, 55th Cong.,<br />
2nd Sess., 1898.<br />
<br />
U.S. Congress. Senate. <u>Senate Executive Journal, Vol. 24</u>.<br />
<br />
U.S. Congress. Senate. <u>Senate Executive Journal, Vol. 25</u>.<br />
<br />
U.S. Congress. Senate. <u>Senate Report No. 681</u>, 55th Cong., 2nd Session,<br />
1898.<br />
<br />
U.S. Congress. Senate. <u>Senate Report 227</u>, (Morgan Report) 53rd Cong., 2nd<br />
Session. [4]<br />
<br />
U.S. Department of Commerce. Bureau<br />
of the Census. <u>1960 Census of the Population; Non-white Population by Race; Social and Economic Statistics for Negroes, Indians, Japanese, Chinese, and Filipinos</u>. Subject<br />
Reports. Final Report PC(2)-IC.<br />
Washington, D.C: Government<br />
Printing Office, May 1961.<br />
<br />
___. <u>1970 Census of the Population</u>; Characteristics of the Population, Vol. 1, Part 13, Hawaii</u>.<br />
Washington, D.C: Government<br />
Printing Office, 1973.<br />
<br />
___. <u>1970 Census of the Population; Japanese, Chinese, and Filipinos in the United States</u>. Subject Reports<br />
PC(2)-1G. Washington, D.C.<br />
Government Printing Office, July<br />
1973.<br />
<br />
___. <u>1970 Census of the Population; General Social and Economic Characteristics, United States Summary</u>. PC(1)-C1. Washington,<br />
D.C: Government Printinq Office,<br />
June 1972.<br />
{{p|475}}</div>Reid Ginozahttps://grihwiki.kenconklin.org/mediawiki/index.php?title=Template:Nhsc-v1-474&diff=4670Template:Nhsc-v1-4742006-07-06T08:08:45Z<p>Reid Ginoza: Quick spelling</p>
<hr />
<div>State of Hawaii. Department of<br />
Planning and Economic Development.<br />
<u>The State of Hawaii Data Book, 1981, A Statistical Abstract</u>. Honolulu,<br />
November 1981.<br />
<br />
___. <u>The State of Hawaii Data Book, 1977—A Statistical Abstract</u>.<br />
Honolulu, 1977. [2]<br />
<br />
State of Hawaii. <u>A Report by the Legislative Auditor of the State of Hawaii</u>. Audit Report No. 79-1,<br />
January 1979.<br />
<br />
State of Hawaii. Senate. <u>Journal of Extra Sessions 22</u>, 239, 1897.<br />
<br />
State of Hawaii. State Legislature.<br />
<u>Legislative Reference Bureau Report, 1964.</u><br />
<br />
University of Hawaii. <u>Report to the 1982 Legislature in Response to H.R. 509, Requesting the University of Hawaii to Study the Underrepresentation of Ethnic Groups in the Student Population of the University System</u>. November 1981.<br />
<br />
U.S. Congress. <u>Congressional Record</u>.<br />
Vol. 31, 1898.<br />
<br />
U.S. Congress. <u>Congressional Record</u>.<br />
Vol. 101, 1955.<br />
<br />
U.S. Congress. <u>Congressional Record</u>.<br />
Vol. 104, 1958.<br />
<br />
U.S. Congress. House. Committee on<br />
the Territories. <u>Statehood for Hawaii</u>. Hearings before a<br />
subcommittee on the Territories.<br />
74th Cong., 1st Sess., Washington,<br />
D.C.: Government Printing Office,<br />
August 23, 1936.<br />
<br />
___. <u>Statehood for Hawaii</u>. Hearings<br />
before a subcommittee on the<br />
Territories. 79th Cong., 2nd Sess.,<br />
Washington, D.C.: Government<br />
Printing Office, 1946.<br />
<br />
___. <u>Statehood for Hawaii</u>. Hearings,<br />
80th Cong., 1st Sess., Washington,<br />
D.C.: Government Printing Office.<br />
<br />
U.S. Congress House. <u>Executive Document 48</u>. 53rd Cong., 2nd Sess.,<br />
1893.<br />
<br />
U.S. Congress House. <u>House Report No. 1355</u>. 55th Cong., 2nd Sess.,1898.<br />
<br />
U.S. Congress. House. Report of<br />
Committee on Territories. <u>Leasing of Land in Hawaii</u>. 62nd Cong., 1st<br />
Sess., Washington, D.C.: Government<br />
Printing Office, 1912.<br />
<br />
___. <u>Rehabilitation of Native Hawaiians</u>. 66th Cong., 2nd Sesc<br />
Washington, D.C.: Government<br />
Printing Office, 1920.<br />
<br />
U.S. Congress. House. Report on<br />
<u>Statehood for Hawaii</u> 85th Cong.,<br />
2nd Sess., Washington, D.C.:<br />
Government Printing Office, August<br />
23, 1958.<br />
<br />
U.S. Congress. Senate. Committee on<br />
Foreign Relations. <u>Report on the Hawaiian Islands</u> with accompanying<br />
testimony and executive documents,<br />
transmitted to Congress from January<br />
1, 1893 to March 10, 1894.<br />
Washington, D.C: Government<br />
Printing Office, 1894.<br />
{{p|474}}</div>Reid Ginozahttps://grihwiki.kenconklin.org/mediawiki/index.php?title=Template:Nhsc-v1-474&diff=4669Template:Nhsc-v1-4742006-07-06T08:07:24Z<p>Reid Ginoza: </p>
<hr />
<div>State of Hawaii. Department of<br />
Planning and Economic Development.<br />
<u>The State of Hawaii Data Book, 1981, A Statistical Abstract</u>. Honolulu,<br />
November 1981.<br />
<br />
___. <u>The State of Hawaii Data Book, 1977—A Statistical Abstract</u>.<br />
Honolulu, 1977. [2]<br />
<br />
State of Hawaii. <u>A Report by the Legislative Auditor of the State of Hawaii</u>. Audit Report No. 79-1,<br />
January 1979.<br />
<br />
State of Hawaii. Senate. <u>Journal of Extra Sessions 22</u>, 239, 1897.<br />
<br />
State of Hawaii. State Legislature.<br />
<u>Legislative Reference Bureau Report, 1964.</u><br />
<br />
University of Hawaii. <u>Report to the 1982 Legislature in Response to H.R. 509, Requesting the University of Hawaii to Study the Underrepresentation of Ethnic Groups in the Student Population of the University System</u>. November 1981.<br />
<br />
U.S. Congress. <u>Congressional Record</u>.<br />
Vol. 31, 1898.<br />
<br />
U.S. Congress. <u>Congressional Record</u>.<br />
Vol. 101, 1955.<br />
<br />
U.S. Congress. <u>Congressional Record</u>.<br />
Vol. 104, 1958.<br />
<br />
U.S. Congress. House. Committee on<br />
the Territories. <u>Statehood for Hawaii</u>. Hearings before a<br />
subcommittee on the Territories.<br />
74th Cong., 1st Sess., Washington,<br />
D.C.: Government Printing Office,<br />
August 23, 1936.<br />
<br />
___. <u>Statehood for Hawaii</u>. Hearings<br />
before a subcommittee on the<br />
Territories. 79th Cong., 2nd Sess.,<br />
Washington, D.C.: Government<br />
Printing Office, 1946.<br />
<br />
___. <u>Statehood for Hawaii</u>. Hearings,<br />
80th Cong., 1st Sess., Washington,<br />
D.C.: Government Printing Office.<br />
<br />
U.S. Congress,House. <u>Executive Document 48</u>. 53rd Cong., 2nd Sess.,<br />
1893.<br />
<br />
U.S. Congress House. <u>House Report No. 1355</u>. 55th Cong., 2nd Sess.,1898.<br />
<br />
U.S. Congress. House. Report of<br />
Committee on Territories. <u>Leasing of Land in Hawaii</u>. 62nd Cong., 1st<br />
Sess., Washington, D.C.: Government<br />
Printing Office, 1912.<br />
<br />
___. <u>Rehabilitation of Native Hawaiians</u>. 66th Cong., 2nd Sesc<br />
Washington, D.C.: Government<br />
Printing Office, 1920.<br />
<br />
U.S. Congress. House. Report on<br />
<u>Statehood for Hawaii</u> 85th Cong.,<br />
2nd Sess., Washington, D.C.:<br />
Government Printing Office, August<br />
23, 1958.<br />
<br />
U.S. Congress. Senate. Committee on<br />
Foreign Relations. <u>Report on the Hawaiian Islands</u> with accompanying<br />
testimony and executive documents,<br />
transmitted to Congress from January<br />
1, 1893 to March 10, 1894.<br />
Washington, D.C: Government<br />
Printing Office, 1894.<br />
{{p|474}}</div>Reid Ginozahttps://grihwiki.kenconklin.org/mediawiki/index.php?title=Template:Nhsc-v1-473&diff=4668Template:Nhsc-v1-4732006-07-06T08:00:11Z<p>Reid Ginoza: </p>
<hr />
<div>___. "National Register of Historic<br />
Places; Annual Listing of Historic<br />
Properties," Vol. 46, No. 22,<br />
February 3, 1981.<br />
<br />
___. "National Register of Historic<br />
Places; Rules and Regulations," Vol.<br />
46, No. 220, November 16, 1981.<br />
<br />
___. "National Register of Historic<br />
Places; Annual Listing of Historic<br />
Properties," Vol. 47, No. 22,<br />
February 2, 1982.<br />
<br />
Horowitz, R. <u>Public Lands Policy in Hawaii: An Historical Analysis</u>.<br />
Honolulu: Legislative Reference<br />
Report No. 5, 1969.<br />
<br />
Look, Mele A. <u>A Mortality Study of the Hawaiian People</u>. R & S Report,<br />
Issue No. 38. Honolulu: Hawaii<br />
State Department of Health, Research<br />
and Statistics Office, February<br />
1982.<br />
<br />
MacKenzie, Melody K. <u>Sovereignty and Land: Honoring the Hawaiian Native Claims</u>. Honolulu: Office of<br />
Hawaiian Affairs, 1982.<br />
<br />
<u>National Historic Preservation Act</u>, as<br />
amended (through P.L. 96-515,<br />
December 12, 1980).<br />
<br />
Shoemaker, J. H. <u>The Economy of Hawaii in 1947</u>. Washington, D.C.:<br />
Government Printing Office, 1948.<br />
<br />
State of Hawaii. Criminal Justice<br />
Information Center. <u>Crime in Hawaii 1981: A Review of Uniform Crime Reports</u>. Honolulu, April 1981.<br />
<br />
State of Hawaii. Department of Budget<br />
and Finance. <u>Land and Water Resource Management in Hawaii</u>.<br />
Honolulu: Hawaii Institute for<br />
Management and Analysis in<br />
Government, 1978.<br />
<br />
State of Hawaii. Department of<br />
Education. <u>Education '81, Department of Education Annual Program and Financial Report for 1980-1981</u>. RS 81-2141. Honolulu<br />
Office of the Superintendent,<br />
January 1982.<br />
<br />
___. <u>Hawaiian Studies Program Guide, Draft</u>. RS 81-0655. Honolulu:<br />
Office of Instructional<br />
Services/General Education Branch,<br />
March 1981.<br />
<br />
State of Hawaii. Department of<br />
Hawaiian Home Lands. <u>Annual Report, 1980-1981</u>. Honolulu, 1981.<br />
<br />
___. Title 10. <u>Administrative Rules</u>.<br />
Section 10-3-42, July 30, 1981.<br />
<br />
State of Hawaii. Department of<br />
Health. <u>Annual Report, Statistical Supplement, 1980</u>. Honolulu:<br />
September 1981.<br />
<br />
___. <u>Narrative Annual Report, Fiscal Year Ended June 30, 1980</u>. Honolulu:<br />
Office of Health Promotion and<br />
Education, 1980.<br />
<br />
___. <u>Needs Assessment; Alcohol and Drug Abuse,</u>. Honolulu: Alcohol and<br />
Drug Abuse Branch, 1980.<br />
<br />
___. <u>Population Report No. 11</u>.<br />
Honolulu: Hawaii Health<br />
Surveillance Program, 1979.<br />
<br />
State of Hawaii. Department of Land<br />
and Natural Resources. <u>State Historic Preservation Plan</u>.<br />
Honolulu, October 9, 1981.<br />
<br />
___. <u>State Historic Preservation Plan, Technical Reference Document</u>.<br />
Honolulu, October 9, 1981.<br />
{{p|473}}</div>Reid Ginozahttps://grihwiki.kenconklin.org/mediawiki/index.php?title=Template:Nhsc-v1-472&diff=4667Template:Nhsc-v1-4722006-07-06T07:49:40Z<p>Reid Ginoza: </p>
<hr />
<div>Uyehara, Mitsuo. <u>The Hawaiian Ceded Land Trust</U>. Honolulu: Hawaiiana<br />
Almanac Publishing Co., 1977.<br />
<br />
Van Alstyne, Richard W. "Great<br />
Britain, the United States, and<br />
Hawaiian Independence, 1850-1854."<br />
<u>The Pacific Historical Review</u> IV<br />
(March 1935): 15-25.<br />
<br />
Westlake, Wayne Kaumualii. "The<br />
Overthrow of the Monarchy; Parts I,<br />
II, and III." <u>Hawaii Tribune-Herald</u><br />
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respectively.)<br />
<br />
Wilson, William H. "Developing a<br />
Standardized Hawaiian Orthography."<br />
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<br />
Yardley, M. and, Rogers, M.C. "A<br />
History of Kapiolani Hospital."<br />
(Unpublished, 1983). [1]<br />
<br />
==C. GOVERNMENT DOCUMENTS==<br />
Adams, Romanzo Colfax. "Studies in<br />
the Trends of the Population of<br />
Hawaii." <u>Administration in Hawaii</u>.<br />
U.S. Congress. Senate Committee on<br />
Territories and Insular Affairs.<br />
Washington, D.C.: Government<br />
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<br />
Bickerton, Derek and Odo, Carol.<br />
<u>General Phonology and Pidgin Syntax—Vol. I of Three Volumes of Change and Variation in Hawaiian English</u>. Final Report. National<br />
Science Foundation. Grant No.<br />
GS-39748. Honolulu: Social<br />
Sciences and Linguistic Institute of<br />
the University of Hawaii, 1976<br />
(Typescript). [2]<br />
<br />
Blount, James. <u>Report of the Commissioner to the Hawaiian Islands</u>. U.S. Congress. House.<br />
<u>Executive Document 47</u>, 53rd Cong.,<br />
2nd Sess. Washington, D.C.:<br />
Government Printing Office,<br />
1893.[4]<br />
<br />
<u>Congressional Globe</u>. 28th Cong.., 2nd<br />
Sess., 1844-45.<br />
<br />
<u>Congressional Globe</u>. 29th Cong. , 1st<br />
Sess., 1845-46.<br />
<br />
<u>Congressional Globe</u>. 41st Cong., 3rd<br />
Sess., 1870.<br />
<br />
Cook, Katherine M. and Reynolds,<br />
Florence E. U.S. Office of<br />
Education. <u>The Education of Native and Minority Groups: A Bibliography 1923-1932</u>. Washington, D.C.:<br />
Government Printing Office.<br />
<br />
<u>Education Beyond the High School in Hawaii 1958-1968</u>. A Report of the<br />
Governor's Committee on Education<br />
Beyond the High School, January<br />
1959.<br />
<br />
<u>Federal Register</u>. "Advisory Council<br />
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Protection of Historical and<br />
Cultural Properties," Vol. 44, No.<br />
21, January 30, 1979.<br />
___. "National Register of Historic<br />
Places and Comprehensive Statewide<br />
Historic Survey and Plans; Criteria,<br />
Determinations of Eligibility and<br />
Guidelines," Vol. 42, No. 183,<br />
September 21, 1977.<br />
<br />
___. "National Register of Historic<br />
Places; Annual Listing of Historic<br />
Properties," Vol. 44, No. 26, Book<br />
2, February 6, 1979.<br />
<br />
___. National Register of Historic<br />
Places; Annual Listing of Historic<br />
Properties," Vol. 45, No. 54, March<br />
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{{p|472}}</div>Reid Ginozahttps://grihwiki.kenconklin.org/mediawiki/index.php?title=Template:Nhsc-v1-471&diff=4666Template:Nhsc-v1-4712006-07-03T18:14:19Z<p>Reid Ginoza: </p>
<hr />
<div>Russ, William A., Jr. "Hawaiian Labor<br />
and Immigration Problems Before<br />
Annexation." <u>Journal of Modern History</u>, No. 15 (1953): 207-222.<br />
<br />
___. "The Role of Sugar in Hawaiian<br />
Annexation." <u>The Pacific Historical Review</u> XII (December 1943):<br />
339-351.<br />
<br />
Schmitt, Robert C. <u>The Missionary Censuses of Hawaii</u>. Pacific<br />
Anthropology Record No. 20.<br />
Honolulu: Bernice P. Bishop Museum,<br />
1973. [1]<br />
<br />
___. "The 'oku'u—Hawaii's Greatest<br />
Epidemic." <u>Hawaii Medical Journal</u><br />
29 (1970): 359. [1]<br />
<br />
___, and Zane, Lynn V. S. <u>How Many People Have Ever Lived in Hawaii</u>?<br />
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Development, unpublished, 1977.<br />
<br />
Schurz, Carl. "Manifest Destiny."<br />
<u>Harpers New Monthly Magazine</u><br />
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<br />
___. "Thoughts on American<br />
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<br />
Shaw, Albert. "Do We Own Pearl<br />
Harbor?" <u>The Review of Reviews</u> XV<br />
(June 1897): 646-647.<br />
<br />
Sinoto, Y. H. "Artifacts from<br />
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<br />
___. "The Marquesas." In <u>The Prehistory of Polynesia</u>, ed., Jesse<br />
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<br />
Skinsnes, O.K. "Notes on Leprosy in<br />
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<br />
___. "Infectious Granulomas: Exposit<br />
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[1]<br />
<br />
Solomon, A. Leioraalama.<br />
"Cross-Cultural Conflict Between<br />
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<br />
Spaulding, T. M. <u>Cabinet Government in Hawaii</u>. Honolulu: University of<br />
Hawaii Occasional Papers, No. 2<br />
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<br />
___. <u>The Constitution of the Hawaiian Republic</u>. Honolulu: University of<br />
Hawaii Occasional Papers, No. 12<br />
(1931).<br />
<br />
___. <u>The Crown Lands of Hawaii</u>.<br />
Honolulu: University of Hawaii<br />
Occasional Papers, No. 1 (October<br />
10, 1923): 1-22.<br />
<br />
Spreckels, Claus. "The Future of the<br />
Sandwich Islands." <u>North American Review</u> CLII (March 1891): 287-292.<br />
<br />
Taeuber, Irene B. "Hawaii." <u>Population Index</u>, No. 28 (April 1962):<br />
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<br />
Thurston, Lorrin A. "The Sandwich<br />
Islands." <u>North American Review</u><br />
CLVI (March 1893): 265-282.<br />
<br />
Tuggle, H. David. "Hawaii." In <u>The Prehistory of Polynesia</u>, Jesse D.<br />
Jennings, Ed. Cambridge,<br />
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{{p|471}}</div>Reid Ginozahttps://grihwiki.kenconklin.org/mediawiki/index.php?title=Template:Nhsc-v1-471&diff=4665Template:Nhsc-v1-4712006-07-03T18:13:30Z<p>Reid Ginoza: </p>
<hr />
<div>Russ, William A., Jr. "Hawaiian Labor<br />
and Immigration Problems Before<br />
Annexation." <u>Journal of Modern History</u>, No. 15 (1953): 207-222.<br />
<br />
___. "The Role of Sugar in Hawaiian<br />
Annexation." <u>The Pacific Historical Review</u> XII (December 1943):<br />
339-351.<br />
<br />
Schmitt, Robert C. <u>The Missionary Censuses of Hawaii</u>. Pacific<br />
Anthropology Record No. 20.<br />
Honolulu: Bernice P. Bishop Museum,<br />
1973. [1]<br />
<br />
___. "The 'oku'u—Hawaii's Greatest<br />
Epidemic." <u>Hawaii Medical Journal</u><br />
29 (1970): 359. [1]<br />
<br />
___, and Zane, Lynn V. S. <u>How Many People Have Ever Lived in Hawaii</u>?<br />
Honolulu: State of Hawaii<br />
Department of Planning and Economic<br />
Development, unpublished, 1977.<br />
<br />
Schurz, Carl. "Manifest Destiny."<br />
<u>Harpers New Monthly Magazine</u><br />
(October 1893).<br />
<br />
___. "Thoughts on American<br />
Imperialism." <u>The Century Illustrated Monthly Magazine</u> LVI<br />
(September 1898): 781-788.<br />
<br />
Shaw, Albert. "Do We Own Pearl<br />
Harbor?" <u>The Review of Reviews</u> XV<br />
(June 1897): 646-647.<br />
<br />
Sinoto, Y. H. "Artifacts from<br />
Excavated Sites in the Hawaiian,<br />
Marquesas and Society Islands: A<br />
Comparative Study." In <u>Polynesian Culture History: Essays in Honor of Kenneth P. Emory<u>, ed. G. A. Highland<br />
et al. Honolulu: Bishop Museum<br />
Special Publication, No. 56, 1967.<br />
<br />
___. "The Marquesas." In <u>The Prehistory of Polynesia</u>, ed., Jesse<br />
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___. "The Contribution of Lahainalund<br />
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<div>Ashford, C. W. "Last Days of the<br />
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___. "The United States and Hawaii<br />
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___. "Hawaii's First Medical School."<br />
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___. "Problems in the Use of<br />
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___. <u>Memoirs of the Hawaiian Revolution</u>. Honolulu: Advertiser<br />
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Wist, Benjamin O. <u>A Century of Public Education in Hawaii</u>. Honolulu:<br />
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___. <u>With Lord Byron at the Sandwich Islands in 1825, Being Extracts From the Diary of James Macrae, Scottish Botanist</u>. Hilo: The Petroglyph<br />
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Young, Lucian. <u>The Boston at Hawaii</u>.<br />
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<br />
==B. ARTICLES AND PAMPHLETS==<br />
Agnew, Daniel. "Unconstitutionality<br />
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___. <u>And Blow Not the Trumpet</u>. Palo<br />
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Pratt, Julius W. <u>Expansionists of 1898: The Acquisition of Hawaii and the Spanish Islands</u>. Baltimore:<br />
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Price, Grenfell A.; Ingleton, Geoffrey<br />
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Pukui, Mary Kawena, and Elbert, Samuel<br />
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___. <u>Hawaiian Grammar</u>. Honolulu:<br />
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[2]<br />
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Pukui, Mary Kawena, and Korn, Alfons.<br />
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___. <u>The Pocket Hawaiian Dictionary</u>.<br />
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Volumes I and II. Honolulu: The<br />
Queen Liliuokalani Children's<br />
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and Company, 1899.<br />
<br />
Chambers, H. E. <u>Constitutional History of Hawaii</u>. Baltimore:<br />
Hopkins Press, 1896.<br />
<br />
Chapman, R. N. <u>Cooperation in the Hawaiian Pineapple Business</u>. New<br />
York: Institute of Pacific<br />
Relations, 1933.<br />
<br />
Chinen, Jon J. <u>The Great Mahele: Hawaii's Land Division of 1848</u>. 3rd<br />
printing. Honolulu: The University<br />
Press of Hawaii, 1974.<br />
<br />
___. <u>Original Land Titles in Hawaii</u>. Honolulu: By the Author, 1961.<br />
{{p|460}}</div>Reid Ginozahttps://grihwiki.kenconklin.org/mediawiki/index.php?title=Template:Nhsc-v1-459&diff=4652Template:Nhsc-v1-4592006-06-28T07:57:41Z<p>Reid Ginoza: </p>
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<div>___. <u>A Brief History of the Hawaiian People</u>. New York: American Book<br />
Co., 1891, 1899.<br />
<br />
___. <u>History of the Later Years of the Hawaiian Monarchy and the Revolution of 1893</u>. Honolulu:<br />
Hawaiian Gazette Co., 1896.<br />
<br />
___. <u>All About Business in Hawaii</u>.<br />
Honolulu:<br />
1978.<br />
Crossroads Press Inc.,<br />
<br />
Alexander, William D. and Atkinson,<br />
Alatau T. <u>An Historical Sketch of Education in the Hawaiian Islands</u>.<br />
Honolulu: Daily Bulletin Steam<br />
Print, 1888. [2]<br />
<br />
Allen, Gwenfread. <u>Hawaii's War Years, 1941-1945</u>. Honolulu: University of<br />
Hawaii Press, 1955.<br />
<br />
Aller, Curtis. <u>Labor Relations in the Hawaiian Sugar Industry</u>. Berkeley:<br />
University of California Press,<br />
1957.<br />
<br />
Alu Like, Inc. <u>Mortality and Morbidity of Native Hawaiians</u>. Honolulu, 1977.<br />
<br />
<br />
___. <u>Analysis of Needs Assessment Survey and Related Data, A Team Report</u>. Honolulu, 1976.<br />
<br />
Amalu, Samuel C. <u>Jack Burns: A Portrait of Transition</u>. Honolulu:<br />
The Mamalahoa Foundation, 1974.<br />
<br />
Anderson, Johannes C. <u>Myths and Legends of the Polynesians</u>. Tokyo:<br />
Charles E. Tuttle Company, Inc.,<br />
1969.<br />
<br />
Anderson, Rufus. <u>History of the Sandwich Islands' Mission</u>. Boston:<br />
Congregational Publishing Society,<br />
1870.<br />
<br />
Anthony, J. Garner. <u>Hawaii Under Army Rule</u>. Honolulu: The University of<br />
Hawaii Press, 1955.<br />
<br />
Apple, Russ and Peg. <u>Tales of Old Hawai'i</u>. Norfolk Island, Australia:<br />
Island Heritage Limited, 1977.<br />
<br />
Arai, Saku, ed. <u>Hawaiian, Japanese, and English Phrase Book</u>. Tokyo:<br />
Shusai Byoin, 1892. [2]<br />
<br />
Bailey, Paul. <u>Kings and Queens of Old Hawaii</u>. Los Angeles: Westernlore<br />
Books, 1975.<br />
<br />
Bailey, Thomas. <u>A Diplomatic History of the American People</u>. New York:<br />
F. S. Crofts and Co., 1940.<br />
<br />
Baldwin, Charles W. <u>Geography of the Hawaiian Islands</u>. New York:<br />
American Book Company, 1908.<br />
<br />
Barber, Joseph, Jr. <u>Hawaii: Restless Rampart</u>. Bridgeport: Braunworth<br />
and Co., Inc., 1941.<br />
<br />
Barrere, Dorothy; Pukui, Mary K.; and<br />
Kelly, Marion. <u>Hula Historical Perspectives</u>. Honolulu: Bernice P.<br />
Bishop Museum Press, 1980.<br />
<br />
Barrot, Theodore-Adolphe. <u>Unless Haste Is Made</u>. Translated by The<br />
Reverend Daniel Dole. Kailua: Press Pacifica, 1978.<br />
<br />
Baudet, Henri. <u>Paradise on Earth: Some Thoughts on European Images of Non-European Man</u>. New Haven: Yale<br />
University Press, 1965.<br />
<br />
Beaglehole, John. <u>Journals of Captain James Cook on His Voyages of Discovery</u>. Cambridge: Published<br />
for the Hkluyt Society at the<br />
University Press, 1955-1974. [1]<br />
<br />
Beckwith, Martha. <u>Hawaiian Mythology</u>.<br />
Honolulu: University of Hawaii<br />
Press, 1970.<br />
{{p|459}}</div>Reid Ginozahttps://grihwiki.kenconklin.org/mediawiki/index.php?title=Template:Nhsc-v1-458&diff=4651Template:Nhsc-v1-4582006-06-28T07:25:03Z<p>Reid Ginoza: </p>
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<div>=List Of References*=<br />
==A. BOOKS AND STUDIES==<br />
Adams, Romanzo. <u>Interracial Marriage in Hawaii: A Study of the Mutually Conditioned Processes of Acculturation and Amalgamation</u>. New<br />
York: AMS Press, 1969 (reprinted<br />
from the edition of 1937).<br />
<br />
___. <u>The Peoples of Hawaii</u>.<br />
Honolulu: American Council,<br />
Institute of Pacific Relations,<br />
1933.<br />
<br />
Adler, Jacob. <u>The Journal of Prince Agard, Alexander Liholiho</u>. Honolulu:<br />
University of Hawaii Press, 1965.<br />
<br />
Adler, Jacob and Barrett, G. <u>The Diaries of Walter Murray Gibson</u>.<br />
Honolulu: University Press of<br />
Hawaii, 1973.<br />
<br />
Agard, Louis. <u>The Sandalwood Trees: Politics and Hope</u>. Honolulu.<br />
<br />
Alexander, A. C. <u>Koloa Plantation, 1835-1935: A History of the Oldest Sugar Plantation</u>. Honolulu:<br />
Honolulu Star-Bulletin, 1937.<br />
<br />
Alexander, Mary C. <u>William Patterson Alexander</u>. Honolulu: Priv. print<br />
(under direction of Yale University<br />
Press), 1934.<br />
<br />
Alexander, Mary C. and Dodge,<br />
Charlotte P. <u>Punahou, 1841-1941</u>.<br />
Berkeley and Los Angeles:<br />
University of California Press,<br />
1941.<br />
<br />
Alexander, W. D. <u>Hawaiian Grammar</u>.<br />
Tokyo: Charles E. Tuttle Company,<br />
Inc., 1973.<br />
<br />
{{break}}<br />
<u>*</u>/ References used by authors<br />
whose papers are included in this<br />
Final Report are marked in this "List<br />
of References" as follows:<br />
<br />
[1] denotes references used by<br />
Richard Kekuni Blaisdell, in the<br />
"Historical and Cultural Background"<br />
section of his paper entitled, "Health<br />
Section of Native Hawaiians Study<br />
Commission Report." The section of<br />
his paper appears in this Final Report<br />
as Section B. of the chapter on<br />
"Health and Social Services."<br />
<br />
[2] denotes the references used by<br />
Larry L. Kimura in his paper entitled<br />
"Language Section of Native Hawaiians<br />
Stady Commission Report." His paper<br />
appears in the Final Report as Section<br />
B. of the "Native Hawaiian Culture"<br />
chapter.<br />
<br />
(cont'd)<br />
<br />
[3] denotes the references used by<br />
Rubellite K. Johnson in her paper<br />
entitled "Religion Section of Native<br />
Hawaiians Study Commission Report."<br />
Her paper appears in this Final Report<br />
as the chapter entitled "Native<br />
Hawaiian Religion."<br />
<br />
[4] denotes the references used by<br />
William Dudley and Lt. Donna Nelson of<br />
the Naval Historical Center in Section<br />
B. of the chapter entitled "Diplomatic<br />
and Congressional History: From<br />
Monarchy to Statehood."<br />
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