View source for 2007-01-17 Akaka Fact Check

'''SEN. AKAKA:''' Mr. President, I rise today with the senior Senator from Hawai'i to introduce the Native Hawaiian Government Reorganization Act of 2007. This bill which is of great importance to the people of Hawai'i, establishes a process to extend the federal policy of self-governance and self-determination to Hawaii's indigenous people. The bill provides parity in federal policies that empower our country's other indigenous peoples, American Indians and Alaska Natives, to participate in a government-to-government relationship with the United States.

{{correction|No other indigenous group in the United States has ever been given the opportunity to create a race-based government out of thin air.  The Akaka Bill is equivalent to giving special rights and privileges to every person with even the smallest amount of Native American ancestry to become a part of some super-tribe that has no historical precedent.}}

Mr. President, January 17, 2007, commemorates the 114th anniversary of Hawai'i's beloved Queen Liliuokalani being deposed. Although this event may seem like a distant memory, it is a poignant event that expedited the decline of a proud and self-governing people. The overthrow facilitated Native Hawaiians being disenfranchised from not only their culture and land, but from their way of life. Native Hawaiians had to endure the forced imprisonment of their Queen and witness the deterioration and near eradication of their culture and tradition in their own homeland at the hands of foreigners committed exclusively to propagating Western values and conventions.

{{correction|Queen Liliuokalani reigned over the entire multiracial Hawaiian Kingdom, not just Native Hawaiians.  By 1890, Native Hawaiians were a minority in the Kingdom, and to assert that they were a "self-governing" racial group distorts the idea of what "self" was.  Hawaii people of all races were self-governing during the Hawaiian Kingdom period, and continue to be so today in the State of Hawaii.

Regarding any disenfranchisement from "culture and land", the westernization of the Hawaiian Kingdom began very early in its history, punctuated by seminal events such the destruction of the old kapu religion by King Liholiho Kamehameha II and regent Queen Kaahumanu in 1819, the arrival of missionaries in 1820, the first constitution of 1840 and the Great Mahele in 1848.  Liliuokalani herself was educated by missionaries, and was very much a product of adaptation beyond the ancient traditions of the islands.  The entire Hawaiian island chain was unified with the help of John Young, a british sailor and advisor to Kamehameha the Great.  To characterize the propagation of Western values and conventions as anything but voluntary is misleading.  Contrary to what Senator Akaka implies, most of the big cultural changes had already taken place decades before the monarchy was overthrown. 

It is also important to note that the Queen was not imprisoned until two years after the revolution that overthrew her. She was imprisoned because she conspired with Robert Wilcox in an attempted counter-revolution in 1895.  The evidence against her included guns and bombs hidden in the flower bed of her private home at Washington Place, plus documents she had already signed appointing cabinet ministers and department heads to the new government she expected to head. 
}}

Today I provide my colleagues with a framework to understand the need for this legislation by briefly reviewing (1) Hawai'i's past, ancient Hawaiian society prior to Western contact, (2) Hawai'i's present, the far reaching consequences of the overthrow, and (3) Hawai'i's future.

'''HAWAI'I'S PAST'''

Few know that Hawai'i was originally settled by Polynesian voyagers arriving as early as 300 A.D, who braved immense distances guided by their extensive knowledge of navigation and understanding of the marine environment. Isolation followed the era of long voyages, enabling Native Hawaiians to develop distinct political, economic, and social structures which were mutually supportive. As stewards of the land and sea, Native Hawaiians were intimately linked to the environment and took cautious care in developing intricate methods of agriculture, aquaculture, navigation and irrigation.

{{comment|Of interesting note is the environmental damage done by Native Hawaiians in regards to the once plentiful sandalwood forests of Hawaii.  During the initial phases of contact, the rigid hierarchy of chiefdoms allowed the elite of the islands to exploit the commoners, to trade sandalwood for western trinkets.  To place ancient Hawaiians on some sort of pedestal of environmental wisdom is sugar-coating history.  As with all humans, ancient Hawaiians negatively impacted their surroundings.}}

'''HAWAI'I"S PRESENT'''

With an influx of foreigners into Hawai'i, Native Hawaiian populations plummeted due to the lack of immunity to common Western diseases. Those that survived witnessed foreign interest and involvement in their government grow until Queen Liliuokalani was forced by American citizens to abdicate her right to the throne. 

{{correction|A majority of the 13-member Committee of Safety (leaders who organized the Hawaiian revolution) were native-born or naturalized subjects of the Kingdom. Furthermore, many of the revolution's political leaders and militia-men had no American ancestry. In 1893, President Grover Cleveland's "fact finder" to Hawai'i, James H. Blount, wrote in his report that the 5,500 members of Honolulu's Annexation Club at that time included 1,218 Americans (22 percent of the club); 1,022 Native Hawaiians (19 percent); 251 Englishmen (5 percent); 2,261 Portuguese (41 percent); 69 Norwegians (1 percent); 351 Germans (6 percent), along with 328 persons unclassified but making up the balance.}}

This devastated the Native Hawaiian people, forever tainting the waters of their identity and tattering the very fabric of their society. For some this injustice, this wound has never healed, manifesting itself in a sense of inferiority and hopelessness leaving many Native Hawaiians at the lowest levels of achievement by all social and economic measures.

{{comment|Queen Liliuokalani herself, arguably the most wounded of all, found peace and healing.  She eventually saw the annexation of Hawaii to the United States as the best thing that ever happened to the Native Hawaiians. She was a true American patriot before her death, giving orders that the U.S. flag should fly permanently over her residence at Washington Place in honor of Hawaiians lost in U.S. military service in World War I. [The U.S. flag still flies there today]}}

Mr. President, 14 years ago the United States enacted the Apology Resolution (P.L.103-150), which acknowledged the 100th anniversary of the overthrow of the Kingdom of Hawai'i in which the United States offered an apology to Native Hawaiians and declared its policy to support reconciliation efforts. This is a landmark declaration for it recognizes not only are Native Hawaiians the indigenous people of Hawai'i, but of the urgent need for the U.S. to actively engage in reconciliation efforts. This acknowledgement played a crucial role in initiating a healing process and although progress has been made, the path ahead is UNCERTAIN.

{{correction|1=The "Apology Resolution" was passed as a symbolic gesture, and due to a complete lack of debate was filled with copious inaccuracies, exaggerations and outright falsehoods.  See [http://www.hawaiireporter.com/file.aspx?Guid=aefef5f6-a533-486a-9459-691138355dd1 Hawaii Divided Against Itself Cannot Stand].}}

'''HAWAI'I'S FUTURE'''

Frustration has led to anger and festered in the hearts of Hawaii's younger generations, with each child that is taught about this period of Hawaiian history, a loss is relived. It is a burden that Native Hawaiians since the overthrow continue to carry, to know that they were violated in their own homeland and their governance was ripped away unjustly. Despite the perceived harmony, it is the generation of my grandchildren that is growing impatient and frustrated with the lack of progress being made. Influenced by a deep sadness and growing intolerance, an active minority within this generation seeks independence from the United States.

{{comment|The culture of Native Hawaiian victimhood is a recent development, dating back to the first racial-identity movements of the 1970s.  King Kauikeaouli Kamehameha III made two attempts to get Hawaii annexed to the United States, in 1849 and 1854.  For nearly 60 years, from 1900-1959, Native Hawaiian leaders and Native Hawaiian people worked to turn the Territory of Hawaii into the State of Hawaii. Finally Statehood was approved by a 94% "Yes" vote in the plebiscite of 1959.  All the people of Hawaii have enjoyed more rights as part of the United States than they ever had during the Kingdom period.  The active, vocal, and miniscule minority seeking passage of the Akaka bill, or independence, is more concerned about having race-based governance and race-based privileges than anything else.}}

It is for this generation that I work to enact this bill so that there is the structured process to deal with these emotional issues. It is important that discussions are held and that there is a framework to guide appropriate action. For Hawaii is the homeland of the Native Hawaiian people.

{{comment|We should start addressing these emotional issues by educating people about the true history of the Hawaiian Islands, rather than continuing to propagate the revisionism of Native Hawaiian victimhood. Senator Akaka's use of the word "homeland" does a grave disservice to the majority of the people he was elected to represent. Hawaii is not merely the homeland of ethnic Hawaiians. Some Hawaii people with no native blood have 8 generations born and raised in Hawaii, including both Caucasians and Asians.}}

Mr. President, a lack of action by the U.S. will incite and will only fuel us down a path to a DIVIDED Hawai'i. A Hawai'i where lines and boundaries will be drawn and unity severed. 

{{comment|Senator Akaka's bill is the most divisive piece of legislation in the history of Hawaii, and perhaps in the history of the United States.  Its entire purpose is to authorize creation of a race-based government that would forever divide the people and land of Hawaii along racial lines.}}

However, the legislation I introduce today seeks to build upon the foundation of reconciliation. It provides a structured process to bring together the people of Hawai'i, along a path of healing to a Hawaii where its indigenous people are respected and culture is embraced.

Respecting the rights of America's first peoples, American Indians, Alaska Natives, and Native Hawaiians is NOT UN-American. Through enactment of this legislation, we have the opportunity to demonstrate that our country does not just preach its ideas, but lives according to its founding principles. That the United States will admit when it has trespassed against a people and remain resolute to make amends. We demonstrate our character to ourselves and to the world by respecting the rights of our country's indigenous people. As it has for America's other indigenous peoples, I believe the United States must fulfill its responsibility to Native Hawaiians.

{{correction|Being an "indigenous" person of America does not grant the rights asked for by the Akaka Bill in any other case.  There are specific qualifications required for tribal membership and recognition, and Native Hawaiians do not qualify on any of these grounds, as noted by the [[Native Hawaiians Study Commission Report]].}}

I ask my colleagues to join me in enacting this legislation which is of great importance to all the people of Hawai'i.

Mr. President, I ask unanimous consent that my full written statement and text of this measure be printed in the record.