Jennifer Wada at 10:46, 2 April 2006

2006-04-02T10:46:17Z

Jennifer Wada at 10:11, 8 March 2006

2006-03-08T10:11:28Z

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Other private schools were established,
mostly under denominational
auspices, although some received
government support. Throughout most
of the second half of the nineteenth
century, these private schools offered
the only secondary education that was
available. 3/
English was not taught in Hawaiian
public schools until the early 1850's.
The missionaries were at first very
much against the idea of abandoning
the Hawaiian language as the medium of
instruction. They believed that "in
order to preserve the nation, they
must preserve its speech." 4/
However, by the middle of the
nineteenth century English had become
the primary language of business,
government, and diplomacy. In 1844, a
weekly newspaper published in English
was the official organ of the
kingdom's government. j>/ The government
was pressured to encourage the
teaching of English in public schools
by both foreigners and Hawaiians. 6/
In 1853-54, the kingdom's legislature
enacted laws to support English
schools for native Hawaiians. In
1854, ten such schools were
established and by the end of the
century, all public school instruction
was in English.
In 1854, the government also reorganized
the school system along
territorial, rather than sectarian,
lines. Although religious
organizations remained involved in the
public school system for several
years, their influence eventually
waned. However, religious groups
continued to establish numerous
vocational and secondary schools.
During the years of the Republic of
Hawaii (1894-1900), further
developments occurred in the school
system. Educators were invited to
come to Hawaii from the mainland. The
Constitution of the Republic
prohibited the use of public money for
denominational schools. Honolulu High
School, which was the first public
secondary school in Hawaii, was
established in 1895. J/
Henry S. Townsend was named
inspector general of the Hawaii school
system in 1896. He was very much
associated with the new philosophy of
progressive education that was being
espoused on the mainland by John
Dewey, and he introduced it to
Hawaii's teachers. 8/ Townsend also
persuaded the Republic to establish a
Normal School so that Hawaii could
train its own teachers. In 190 5, of
400 teachers employed in the public
schools, 148 were native Hawaiian. 9/
In 1899, the Republic abolished the
practice of charging tuition for
public schools, and this further
advanced the cause of universal
education.
At the time of annexation, there
were several types of schools in
Hawaii. There were 140 public schools
and 55 private schools. There was
only one foreign language school (in
Japanese) but this would be substantially
augmented later with more
Japanese, Chinese, and Korean language
schools. Several industrial and
vocational schools also existed,
including the Kamehameha Schools for
native Hawaiian boys and girls, which
was established in 1887. In a class
by itself was Punahou, which was a
"symbol of educational excellence as
well as elite status," with an exclusionary
policy that it would
maintain for some time. 10/
Territorial Education System
After annexation, many teachers
were brought to Hawaii from the mainland,
and the process of "Americanization"
began in earnest. Hawaii's
public schools became the primary
carrier of American values to all of
the races that inhabited the islands.
Oriental families quickly took
advantage of the school system.
{{p|124}}

@@ Line 6: / Line 6: @@
 century, these private schools offered
 the only secondary education that was
-available. 3/
+available. <u>3</u>/
 English was not taught in Hawaiian
 public schools until the early 1850's.
@@ Line 14: / Line 15: @@
 instruction. They believed that "in
 order to preserve the nation, they
-must preserve its speech." 4/
+must preserve its speech." <u>4</u>/
 However, by the middle of the
 nineteenth century English had become
@@ Line 21: / Line 22: @@
 weekly newspaper published in English
 was the official organ of the
-kingdom's government. j>/ The government
+kingdom's government. <u>5</u>/ The government
 was pressured to encourage the
 teaching of English in public schools
-by both foreigners and Hawaiians. 6/
+by both foreigners and Hawaiians. <u>6</u>/
 In 1853-54, the kingdom's legislature
 enacted laws to support English
@@ Line 32: / Line 33: @@
 century, all public school instruction
 was in English.
 In 1854, the government also reorganized
 the school system along
@@ Line 42: / Line 44: @@
 continued to establish numerous
 vocational and secondary schools.
 During the years of the Republic of
 Hawaii (1894-1900), further
@@ Line 52: / Line 55: @@
 School, which was the first public
 secondary school in Hawaii, was
-established in 1895. J/
+established in 1895. <u>7</u>/
 Henry S. Townsend was named
 inspector general of the Hawaii school
@@ Line 60: / Line 64: @@
 espoused on the mainland by John
 Dewey, and he introduced it to
-Hawaii's teachers. 8/ Townsend also
+Hawaii's teachers. <u>8</u>/ Townsend also
 persuaded the Republic to establish a
 Normal School so that Hawaii could
-train its own teachers. In 190 5, of
+train its own teachers. In 1905, of
 teachers employed in the public
-schools, 148 were native Hawaiian. 9/
+schools, 148 were native Hawaiian. <u>9</u>/
 In 1899, the Republic abolished the
 practice of charging tuition for
@@ Line 71: / Line 75: @@
 advanced the cause of universal
 education.
 At the time of annexation, there
 were several types of schools in
@@ Line 88: / Line 93: @@
 well as elite status," with an exclusionary
 policy that it would
-maintain for some time. 10/
+maintain for some time. <u>10</u>/
 Territorial Education System
 After annexation, many teachers
 were brought to Hawaii from the mainland,

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Jennifer Wada at 10:46, 2 April 2006

Jennifer Wada at 10:11, 8 March 2006