Template:Nhsc-v1-162 - Revision history

Jennifer Wada at 02:25, 8 April 2006

2006-04-08T02:25:01Z

Jennifer Wada at 11:12, 7 April 2006

2006-04-07T11:12:06Z

Jennifer Wada at 10:29, 8 March 2006

2006-03-08T10:29:26Z

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The U.S. Commissioner and members
of the king's government drew up a
document setting forth alternative
plans for the United States to save
Hawaii from the danger of
filibustering or threats from foreign
governments. In order of preference,
these were:
• A joint protectorate by the
United States, Great Britain,
and France;
• A protectorate under the
United States and Great
Britain;
• A protectorate by the United
States alone;
• If no protectorate could be
arranged, resignation of
sovereignty to the United
States. 72/
After communicating these developments
to Washington, however, the United
States Commissioner was informed by
the U.S. Secretary of State that he
was not to give countenance to "any
idea or expectation that the islands
will become annexed to the United
States." 73/
All of these negotiations came to a
halt without being resolved. Rumors
of filibustering proved untrue,
relations with France improved
somewhat, and Kamehameha III died on
December 15, 1854. His successor,
Prince Alexander Liholiho, did not
reopen the discussions and supporters
of annexation in Hawaii gave up their
agitation for the time being.
However, interest had been piqued in
the United States by these
developments. Fear that France would
take over the Hawaiian Islands had
stimulated talk of annexation,
particularly in California.
E. THE REIGNS OF KAMEHAMEHA IV AND V
(1854-1872)
Politics and Sugar
Prince Alexander Liholiho, nephew
and heir of Kamehameha III, ascended
the throne as Kamehameha IV n
December 1854. His reign lasted until
his death in 1863. This Hawaiian
monarch had very different ideas ahcut
relations with foreign governments, in
general, and with the United States,
in particular.
In the foreign realm, the policy of
the government of Kamehameha IV
consisted of three parts:
1) To substitute for the pending
annexation project a treaty of
reciprocity between the United
States and Hawaii;
2) To get a satisfactory treaty
with France and place the
relations between the two
countries on a cordial
footing; and
3) To obtain a joint guarantee
of Hawaii's independence by
the great maritime powers,
Great Britain, France, the
United States, and possibly
Russia, by means of a tripartite
or ouadripartite treatv.
21/
Of the three parts of this policy,
only the second met with some success.
A new treaty between Hawaii and France
was ratified in 1858 and, although
still not satisfactory, the treaty was
"in some important respects an
improvement over the old one." 75/
One of the first steps taken in
pursuit of the foreign policy qoals of
Kamehameha IV was to break off all
negotiations for annexation to the
{{p|162}}

@@ Line 48: / Line 48: @@
 Prince Alexander Liholiho, nephew
 and heir of Kamehameha III, ascended
-the throne as Kamehameha IV n
+the throne as Kamehameha IV in
 December 1854. His reign lasted until
 his death in 1863. This Hawaiian
@@ Line 64: / Line 64: @@
 :2) To get a satisfactory treaty with France and place the relations between the two countries on a cordial footing; and
-:3) To obtain a joint guarantee of Hawaii's independence by the great maritime powers, Great Britain, France, the United States, and possibly Russia, by means of a tripartite or ouadripartite treaty. <u>74</u>/
+:3) To obtain a joint guarantee of Hawaii's independence by the great maritime powers, Great Britain, France, the United States, and possibly Russia, by means of a tripartite or quadripartite treaty. <u>74</u>/
 Of the three parts of this policy,
@@ Line 75: / Line 75: @@
 One of the first steps taken in
-pursuit of the foreign policy qoals of
+pursuit of the foreign policy goals of
 Kamehameha IV was to break off all
 negotiations for annexation to the
 {{p|162}}

@@ Line 7: / Line 7: @@
 governments. In order of preference,
 these were:
-• A joint protectorate by the
-United States, Great Britain,
+:*A joint protectorate by the United States, Great Britain, and France;
 and France;
-• A protectorate under the
+:*A protectorate under the United States and Great Britain;
 United States and Great
-Britain;
+:*A protectorate by the United States alone;
-• A protectorate by the United
-States alone;
+:*If no protectorate could be arranged, resignation of sovereignty to the United States. <u>72</u>/
-• If no protectorate could be
 After communicating these developments
 to Washington, however, the United
@@ Line 26: / Line 23: @@
 idea or expectation that the islands
 will become annexed to the United
-States." 73/
+States." <u>73</u>/
 All of these negotiations came to a
 halt without being resolved. Rumors
@@ Line 43: / Line 41: @@
 stimulated talk of annexation,
 particularly in California.
 E. THE REIGNS OF KAMEHAMEHA IV AND V
-(1854-1872)
+==E. THE REIGNS OF KAMEHAMEHA IV AND V (1854-1872)==
 Politics and Sugar
 Prince Alexander Liholiho, nephew
 and heir of Kamehameha III, ascended
@@ Line 51: / Line 51: @@
 December 1854. His reign lasted until
 his death in 1863. This Hawaiian
-monarch had very different ideas ahcut
+monarch had very different ideas about
 relations with foreign governments, in
 general, and with the United States,
 in particular.
 In the foreign realm, the policy of
 the government of Kamehameha IV
 consisted of three parts:
 ) To substitute for the pending
-annexation project a treaty of
+:1) To substitute for the pending annexation project a treaty of reciprocity between the United States and Hawaii;
 reciprocity between the United
-States and Hawaii;
+:2) To get a satisfactory treaty with France and place the relations between the two countries on a cordial footing; and
 ) To get a satisfactory treaty
-with France and place the
+:3) To obtain a joint guarantee of Hawaii's independence by the great maritime powers, Great Britain, France, the United States, and possibly Russia, by means of a tripartite or ouadripartite treaty. <u>74</u>/
 relations between the two
 Of the three parts of this policy,
 only the second met with some success.
@@ Line 81: / Line 72: @@
 still not satisfactory, the treaty was
 "in some important respects an
-improvement over the old one." 75/
+improvement over the old one." <u>75</u>/
 One of the first steps taken in
 pursuit of the foreign policy qoals of