Template:Nhsc-v1-164 - Revision history

Jennifer Wada at 09:02, 8 April 2006

2006-04-08T09:02:36Z

Jennifer Wada at 02:36, 8 April 2006

2006-04-08T02:36:29Z

Jennifer Wada at 10:30, 8 March 2006

2006-03-08T10:30:16Z

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of the t r e a t y . " 84/ Spalding's report
probably had some, although not major,
influence on the t r e a t y ' s rejection by
the U.S. Congress. 85/
Plight of the People
As a result of the c o n s t i t u t i o n al
developments described above, native
Hawaiian men had the right to vote for
the members of the kingdom's house of
r e p r e s e n t a t i v e s . They did not,
however, share in the growing
prosperity of the kingdom.
The native population continued i ts
precipitous decline. Liholiho singled
out the problem of the decrease in the
native population in his speech
opening the l e g i s l a t u r e in 1855. He
suggested a two-fold attack on the
problem: reduction in loss caused by
disease, and encouragement of
Polynesian immigrants to reinforce and
reinvigorate the Hawaiian stock. The
l a t t e r plan was eventually accomplished
through labor immigration,
although it was not always to the
s a t i s f a c t i o n of the native Hawaiians,
as noted above.
To improve the economic well-being
of the native Hawaiians, efforts were
made by Kings Kamehameha IV and V to
i n t e r e s t them in the growing
a g r i c u l t u r a l industry. Some native
Hawaiians did grow potatoes, but the
potato as a cash crop did not survive
long. The Native Hawaiian
Agricultural Society was set up in
1856, but it was not very successful
in encouraging greater production from
Hawaiians. Growing sugar required
l a r g e - s c a l e operations and was
monopolized by Americans. The native
Hawaiians did not share the white
man's view of the future in terms of
p r o f i t and loss, and the result was
that the native population existed on
the fringes of the impending economic
boom.
Constitutional Change
On the death of Liholiho on
November 30, 1863, his older brother
(Prince Lot) succeeded to the throne
as Kamehameha V. Unlike his
predecessor, Kamehameha V did not take
the oath to uphold the kingdom's
c o n s t i t u t i o n , promulgated in 1852.
Even during the reign of l i h o l i h o,
the king and his advisors had attej •--
ted to amend the Constitutirr: of lc,52.
The most objectionable features of the
l a t t e r included the existence of the
office of the kuhina nui, the power of
the privy council, universal male
suffrage, and the absence of property
q u a l i f i c a t i o n s for members of the
House of Representatives.
King Kamehameha V believed that the
Constitution of 1852 was far in
advance of the needs of the people,
and he called a convention to draft a
new c o n s t i t u t i o n . When the convention
deadlocked on the question of property
q u a l i f i c a t i o n s , the kinq adjourned the
convention, abrogated the old
c o n s t i t u t i o n and promulgated a new one
a week l a t e r . The principal chanqes
embodied in the Constitution of 1864
were:
• The office of kuhina nui was
abolished;
• The powers of the privy council
were curtailed, while the
administrative powers of the
king and cabinet were
strengthened;
• The nobles and people's
representatives would s it
together as the l e g i s l a t i ve
assembly; and
• There would be property
q u a l i f i c a t i o n s for the
representatives and property
and educational qualifications
for voters.
{{p|164}}

@@ Line 10: / Line 10: @@
 Hawaiian men had the right to vote for
 the members of the kingdom's house of
-representatives . They did not,
+representatives. They did not,
 however, share in the growing
 prosperity of the kingdom.

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-of the t r e a t y . " 84/ Spalding's report
+of the treaty." <u>84</u>/ Spalding's report
 probably had some, although not major,
-influence on the t r e a t y ' s rejection by
+influence on the treaty's rejection by
-the U.S. Congress. 85/
+the U.S. Congress. <u>85</u>/
 Plight of the People
-As a result of the c o n s t i t u t i o n al
+===<u>Plight of the People</u>===
 developments described above, native
 Hawaiian men had the right to vote for
 the members of the kingdom's house of
-r e p r e s e n t a t i v e s . They did not,
+representatives . They did not,
 however, share in the growing
 prosperity of the kingdom.
-The native population continued i ts
 precipitous decline. Liholiho singled
 out the problem of the decrease in the
 native population in his speech
-opening the l e g i s l a t u r e in 1855. He
+opening the legislature in 1855. He
 suggested a two-fold attack on the
 problem: reduction in loss caused by
@@ Line 21: / Line 24: @@
 Polynesian immigrants to reinforce and
 reinvigorate the Hawaiian stock. The
-l a t t e r plan was eventually accomplished
+latter plan was eventually accomplished
 through labor immigration,
 although it was not always to the
-s a t i s f a c t i o n of the native Hawaiians,
+satisfaction of the native Hawaiians,
 as noted above.
 To improve the economic well-being
 of the native Hawaiians, efforts were
 made by Kings Kamehameha IV and V to
-i n t e r e s t them in the growing
+interest them in the growing
-a g r i c u l t u r a l industry. Some native
+agricultural industry. Some native
 Hawaiians did grow potatoes, but the
 potato as a cash crop did not survive
@@ Line 38: / Line 42: @@
 in encouraging greater production from
 Hawaiians. Growing sugar required
-l a r g e - s c a l e operations and was
+large-scale operations and was
 monopolized by Americans. The native
 Hawaiians did not share the white
 man's view of the future in terms of
-p r o f i t and loss, and the result was
+profit and loss, and the result was
 that the native population existed on
 the fringes of the impending economic
 boom.
 Constitutional Change
 On the death of Liholiho on
 November 30, 1863, his older brother
@@ Line 53: / Line 59: @@
 predecessor, Kamehameha V did not take
 the oath to uphold the kingdom's
-c o n s t i t u t i o n , promulgated in 1852.
+constitution, promulgated in 1852.
-Even during the reign of l i h o l i h o,
-the king and his advisors had attej •--
+Even during the reign of Liholiho,
-ted to amend the Constitutirr: of lc,52.
+the king and his advisors had attempted
 The most objectionable features of the
-l a t t e r included the existence of the
+latter included the existence of the
-office of the kuhina nui, the power of
+office of the <u>kuhina nui</u>, the power of
 the privy council, universal male
 suffrage, and the absence of property
-q u a l i f i c a t i o n s for members of the
+qualifications for members of the
 House of Representatives.
 King Kamehameha V believed that the
 Constitution of 1852 was far in
 advance of the needs of the people,
 and he called a convention to draft a
-new c o n s t i t u t i o n . When the convention
+new constitution. When the convention
 deadlocked on the question of property
-q u a l i f i c a t i o n s , the kinq adjourned the
+qualifications, the king adjourned the
 convention, abrogated the old
-c o n s t i t u t i o n and promulgated a new one
+constitution and promulgated a new one
-a week l a t e r . The principal chanqes
+a week later. The principal changes
 embodied in the Constitution of 1864
 were:
-• The office of kuhina nui was
-abolished;
+:*The office of <u>kuhina nui</u> was abolished;
-• The powers of the privy council
-were curtailed, while the
+:*The powers of the privy council were curtailed, while the administrative powers of the king and cabinet were strengthened;
 administrative powers of the
-king and cabinet were
+:*The nobles and people's representatives would sit together as the legislative assembly; and
 strengthened;
-• The nobles and people's
+:*There would be property qualifications for the representatives and property and educational qualifications for voters.
 {{p|164}}