Reid Ginoza at 19:51, 9 April 2006

2006-04-09T19:51:32Z

Jennifer Wada at 10:41, 8 March 2006

2006-03-08T10:41:21Z

New page

archinq at the approach of their
ali 'i, the people gained status along
with that of their ali'i. The more
extravagant the kapu, the greater the
status for the whole group.
This is quite different from
European culture, which sometimes
described commoners and serfs as
forced to grovel before royalty. In
fact, when an ali 'i misused his or her
powers and kapu responsibilities, he
or she was removed by the group and
replaced with another, a practice for
which there is ample evidence and
moral support in Hawaiian traditions.
For alL the ferocity reported on
Hawaiian kapu in English books, little
or no mention is made of the fact that
the greatest defense against the kapu
was the physical person of the ali 'i.
The ali ' i was a pu'uhonua or "place of
refuge and sanctuary" for those who
inadvertently failed to maintain the
kapu of the lineage. This concept is
preserved in ordinary Hawaiian
language in the word 'opuali'i,
meaning to have the heart of an ali'i
or the ability to forgive some
mistake.
Thus, the study of Hawaiian culture
throuqh the English language can be
very damaging and just the two words,
alj. 'I and maka 'ainana, as interpreted
through English-language Hawaiian
culture textbooks, have caused
problems for English-speaking
Hawaiians. As mentioned earlier, the
ali'i and maka'ainana are a single
lineage with those descending from
first-born children having higher
status. Almost every Hawaiian has
some connection to some first-born
linkage in his background and thus
every Hawaiian seems to have some
ali'i "blood." There are two
reactions to this within the context
of the Enqlish connotations of the
English term "king:" overbearing
haughtiness, or shape in association
with a repressive group, both in
direct, conflict with the traditional
Hawaiian view that the people are all
one.
We see then that the replacement of
Hawaiian with English can have (and
has had) a tremendous negative impact
on Hawaiian culture and thus th<^
Hawaiian people:
• First, any aesthetic culture
divorced from its language
cannot exist, and this is
especially true for Hawaiian
culture m which such qrea\
importance is placed upon the
intricate and subtle use .-r
language.
• Second, although the base
culture or the basic
personality of the Hawaiian
people can survive within the
context of the replacement
English language, that
Hawaiian base culture becomes
redefined as a subculture and
historic development will move
toward a definition of
negatives that contrasj: with
ideals of both the j-ndigen >us
aesthetic culture and the
imposed aesthetic culture.
• Third, descriptions of the
indigenous Hawaiian aesthet: -
culture and base culture
through the medium of the
imposed English language cannof
absolutely transmit a full
picture of Hawaiian culture.
English inevitably implies
Anglo-American culture in
direct proportion to that part
of Hawaiian culture that is
lost in the description. This
has a negative impact on
Hawaiians, not only in the
impressiors gained by
outsiders, hut also in the
self-impression gained by
English-speakir.g Hawaiians
using such descriptions.
{{p|184}}

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-archinq at the approach of their
+arching at the approach of their
-ali 'i, the people gained status along
+<u>ali'i</u>, the people gained status along
-with that of their ali'i. The more
+with that of their <u>ali'i</u>. The more
-extravagant the kapu, the greater the
+extravagant the <u>kapu</u>, the greater the
 status for the whole group.
 This is quite different from
 European culture, which sometimes
 described commoners and serfs as
 forced to grovel before royalty. In
-fact, when an ali 'i misused his or her
+fact, when an <u>ali'i</u> misused his or her
-powers and kapu responsibilities, he
+powers and <u>kapu</u> responsibilities, he
 or she was removed by the group and
 replaced with another, a practice for
 which there is ample evidence and
 moral support in Hawaiian traditions.
-For alL the ferocity reported on
+For all the ferocity reported on
-Hawaiian kapu in English books, little
+Hawaiian <u>kapu</u> in English books, little
 or no mention is made of the fact that
-the greatest defense against the kapu
+the greatest defense against the <u>kapu</u>
-was the physical person of the ali 'i.
+was the physical person of the <u>ali'i</u>.
-The ali ' i was a pu'uhonua or "place of
+The <u>ali'i</u> was a <u>pu'uhonua</u> or "place of
 refuge and sanctuary" for those who
 inadvertently failed to maintain the
-kapu of the lineage. This concept is
+<u>kapu</u> of the lineage. This concept is
 preserved in ordinary Hawaiian
-language in the word 'opuali'i,
+language in the word <u>'opuali'i</u>,
-meaning to have the heart of an ali'i
+meaning to have the heart of an <u>ali'i</u>
 or the ability to forgive some
 mistake.
 Thus, the study of Hawaiian culture
-throuqh the English language can be
+through the English language can be
 very damaging and just the two words,
-alj. 'I and maka 'ainana, as interpreted
+<u>ali'i</u> and <u>maka'ainana</u>, as interpreted
 through English-language Hawaiian
 culture textbooks, have caused
 problems for English-speaking
 Hawaiians. As mentioned earlier, the
-ali'i and maka'ainana are a single
+<u>ali'i</u> and <u>maka'ainana</u> are a single
 lineage with those descending from
 first-born children having higher
@@ Line 43: / Line 45: @@
 linkage in his background and thus
 every Hawaiian seems to have some
-ali'i "blood." There are two
+<u>ali'i</u> "blood." There are two
 reactions to this within the context
 of the Enqlish connotations of the
@@ Line 52: / Line 54: @@
 Hawaiian view that the people are all
 one.
 We see then that the replacement of
 Hawaiian with English can have (and
 has had) a tremendous negative impact
-on Hawaiian culture and thus th<^
+on Hawaiian culture and thus the
 Hawaiian people:
-• First, any aesthetic culture
-divorced from its language
+* First, any aesthetic culture divorced from its language cannot exist, and this is especially true for Hawaiian culture in which such qreat importance is placed upon the intricate and subtle use of language.
-cannot exist, and this is
+* Second, although the base culture or the basic personality of the Hawaiian people can survive within the context of the replacement English language, that Hawaiian base culture becomes redefined as a subculture and historic development will move toward a definition of negatives that contrast with ideals of both the indigenous aesthetic culture and the imposed aesthetic culture.
-especially true for Hawaiian
+* Third, descriptions of the indigenous Hawaiian aesthetic culture and base culture through the medium of the imposed English language cannot absolutely transmit a full picture of Hawaiian culture. English inevitably implies Anglo-American culture in direct proportion to that part of Hawaiian culture that is lost in the description. This has a negative impact on Hawaiians, not only in the impressions gained by
-culture m which such qrea\
+outsiders, hut also in the self-impression gained by English-speaking Hawaiians using such descriptions.
 {{p|184}}

Template:Nhsc-v1-184 - Revision history

Reid Ginoza at 19:51, 9 April 2006

Jennifer Wada at 10:41, 8 March 2006