Template:Nhsc-v1-185 - Revision history

Jennifer Wada at 06:37, 10 April 2006

2006-04-10T06:37:37Z

Reid Ginoza at 20:00, 9 April 2006

2006-04-09T20:00:33Z

Jennifer Wada at 10:41, 8 March 2006

2006-03-08T10:41:44Z

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History of the Hawaiian Language
Origin of the Language
What is technically, in English
terminology, the prehistory of
Hawaiian (that is, the period before
the documentation of the language in
writing) was touched on briefly in the
first section. Linguists agree that
Hawaiian is closely related to Eastern
Polynesia, with a particularly strong
link in the Southern Marquesas, and a
secondary link in Tahiti, which may be
explained by voyaging between the
Hawaiian and Society Islands. The
weakest linguistic link exists between
Hawaiian and Western Polynesian
languages, such as Samoan. Tongan and
Niuean are considered the least
closely related Polynesian relatives
of the Hawaiian language.
Hawaiian tradition itself claims a
local origin for man and thus his
language, agreeing with linguists
however, in ascribing some cultural
influences to a period of voyaging.
17/ Anthropologists also support a
theory of voyaging between Hawai'i and
Central Eastern Polynesia, with some
believing that voyaging started in
Hawai'i and moved south (as does Thor
Hyerdahl) and others that voyaging
originated in Central/Eastern
Polynesia (as does Dr. Kenneth Emory
of the Bishop Museum and the majority
of anthropologists now working in the
Pacific). Some local religious
denominations, such as the Church of
Jesus Christ of the Latter Day Saints,
ascribe to one theory or the other (in
their case, Hawai'i is considered the
original source); others, such as the
Buddhists, have no teaching regarding
the origin of voyaging between Hawai'i
and the rest of Polynesia.
Phonology, Grammar, and Syntax
Despite disagreements on how
Hawaiian is related to other
Polynesian languages, it is clear that
the languaqe has continued to expand
and develop it3 own uniqueness.
Hawaiian is typically Polynesian in an
emphasis of vowel over consonant. The
most noticeable phonological
difference between Hawaiian and other
Polynesian languages involves
consonant correspondence, including
the merger of some consonants,
somewhat in the way that English
differs from Romance languages in
certain consonant correspondences (for
example, Latin "pater" and English
"father," Latin "ped-" and English
"foot," Latin "mater" and English
"mother"). (See Table 62).
Consonants are de-emphasized in
Hawaiian, accentuating instead vowel
distinctions and combinations. This
vocalic nature gives Hawaiian a
melodic character. Hawaiian speakers
frequently refer to English in slang
as namu, "grumbling," because of its
comparatively harsh sound, and also as
hiohio, "windlike or flatulence-like
whistling," again because of its heavy
use of consonants compared to
Hawaiian.
In the area of grammar, most
Polynesian languages have one or two
definite articles. Hawaiian, however,
has five: ka_ (regular singular
definite article), k_e (irregular
singular definite article), kahi
(diminutive singular definite
article), na_ (regular plural definite
article), and nahi (diminutive plural
definite article). Hawaiian
conversely uses a single verbal
negative, 'a'ole (with pronunciation
variants 'a'ale and 'ale, like the
single English verbal negative ,iot
with the pronunciation variant -n1't),
where Tahitian and New Zealand Maori
utilize different negatives with
different tenses.
In syntax, Hawaiian provides
complex grammatical methods for
emphasizing different points in a
sentence, which in English are
normally indicated by raising the
voice level. Hawaiian has also
{{p|185}}

@@ Line 94: / Line 94: @@
 variants <u>'a'ale</u> and <u>'ale</u>, like the
 single English verbal negative <u>not</u>
-with the pronunciation variant <u>-n't),
+with the pronunciation variant <u>-n't</u>),
 where Tahitian and New Zealand Maori
 utilize different negatives with

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-History of the Hawaiian Language
+====History of the Hawaiian Language====
-Origin of the Language
+=====Origin of the Language=====
 What is technically, in English
 terminology, the prehistory of
@@ Line 19: / Line 20: @@
 closely related Polynesian relatives
 of the Hawaiian language.
 Hawaiian tradition itself claims a
 local origin for man and thus his
@@ Line 24: / Line 26: @@
 however, in ascribing some cultural
 influences to a period of voyaging.
-/ Anthropologists also support a
+<u>17</u>/ Anthropologists also support a
 theory of voyaging between Hawai'i and
 Central Eastern Polynesia, with some
@@ Line 43: / Line 45: @@
 the origin of voyaging between Hawai'i
 and the rest of Polynesia.
-Phonology, Grammar, and Syntax
+=====Phonology, Grammar, and Syntax=====
 Despite disagreements on how
 Hawaiian is related to other
 Polynesian languages, it is clear that
-the languaqe has continued to expand
+the language has continued to expand
-and develop it3 own uniqueness.
+and develop its own uniqueness.
 Hawaiian is typically Polynesian in an
 emphasis of vowel over consonant. The
@@ Line 63: / Line 66: @@
 "foot," Latin "mater" and English
 "mother"). (See Table 62).
 Consonants are de-emphasized in
 Hawaiian, accentuating instead vowel
@@ Line 69: / Line 73: @@
 melodic character. Hawaiian speakers
 frequently refer to English in slang
-as namu, "grumbling," because of its
+as <u>namu</u>, "grumbling," because of its
 comparatively harsh sound, and also as
-hiohio, "windlike or flatulence-like
+<u>hiohio</u>, "windlike or flatulence-like
 whistling," again because of its heavy
 use of consonants compared to
 Hawaiian.
 In the area of grammar, most
 Polynesian languages have one or two
 definite articles. Hawaiian, however,
-has five: ka_ (regular singular
+has five: <u>ka</u> (regular singular
-definite article), k_e (irregular
+definite article), <u>ke</u> (irregular
-singular definite article), kahi
+singular definite article), <u>kahi</u>
 (diminutive singular definite
-article), na_ (regular plural definite
+article), <u>na</u> (regular plural definite
-article), and nahi (diminutive plural
+article), and <u>nahi</u> (diminutive plural
 definite article). Hawaiian
 conversely uses a single verbal
-negative, 'a'ole (with pronunciation
+negative, <u>'a'ole</u> (with pronunciation
-variants 'a'ale and 'ale, like the
+variants <u>'a'ale</u> and <u>'ale</u>, like the
-single English verbal negative ,iot
+single English verbal negative <u>not</u>
-with the pronunciation variant -n1't),
+with the pronunciation variant <u>-n't),
 where Tahitian and New Zealand Maori
 utilize different negatives with
 different tenses.
 In syntax, Hawaiian provides
 complex grammatical methods for