Reid Ginoza at 21:43, 9 April 2006

2006-04-09T21:43:49Z

Jennifer Wada at 10:43, 8 March 2006

2006-03-08T10:43:29Z

New page

(for example, ku-mu would spell kCrnO,
a type of fish, in contrast to kumu,
"teacher"). A dash between vowels
indicated a pronunciation including
long vowels, an 'okina, or both (for
example, pa-u would spell pa'u,
"riding skirt," in contrast to pau,
"finished"). An apostrophe between
vowels indicated an 'okina (for
example, ka'i would spell ka'i, "move
in a procession," in contrast to kai,
"sea"). 22/ These practices became
more frequent in publications by
Hawaiians as time went on, and the
inaccuracy of the original spelling
system lost some of its force. It was
not until 1957, however, with the
publication of the Puku'i-Elbert
dictionary, that a systematic and
accurate recording of long vowels and
'okina in the lexicon of Hawaiian
occurred. The Puku'i-Elbert
dictionary, now the standard reference
for the Hawaiian language, marks the
'okina with a sinqle open quote (also
described as an inverted comma) and
long vowels with a macron, following
standard practice adopted previously
in other parts of Polynesia. Table 64
illustrates some words always
distinguished in Hawaiian
pronunciation, but only consistently
distinguished in Hawaiian writing
since 1957.
The inclusion of the 'okina and
kahako (macron) into the Hawaiian
writinq system improved the
missionaries' original alphabet.
Unfortunately, it arrived too late to
impact a good number of old Hawaiian
names and archaic terms. Hawaiians
today can only guess at the correct
pronunciation of these, due to the
loss of authoritative knowledge prior
to recordation in the improved
spelling system. Hawaiians are also
losinq the pronunciation of words and
even family names, since those who are
knowledgeable about them are not
taught to record them in the modern
spoiling system.
Although the addition of the 'okina
and the kahako have greatly improved
the missionary orthography, much work
remains to be done in the area of
Hawaiian spelling. The missionaries
established a basic alphabet, while
questions of word divisions,
capitalization, punctuation, and
related matters were never adequately
addressed. Standardization is still
needed in these areas as the
assignment of the 'okina and kahako
has varied even within editions cf the
Puku'i-Elbert dictionary. The use of
'okina and kahako is becoming standard
in published material today, although
many older speakers are still more
familiar with the unmarked missionary
alphabet. Within the English language
publications, the us? of the 'okina
and kahako is a sign of accuracy and
positive respect towards Hawaiian
culture. Unfortunately, many Ehqlish
speakers have a very poor attitude
toward the importance of spellino
Hawaiian words with anything
resembling the o^re they give to the
spelling of English, and this attitude
has even rubbed off on many younger
English-speaking Hawaiians. 2 3/
As the Hawaiian writing system
expanded from the time of the first
missionary contact, so too Hawaiian
vocabulary has continued to expand.
The Hawaiian medium schools served as
a stimulus for the development of
terminology useful in discussing
topics such as biology and
mathematics, while the civic life of
Hawaiians resulted in a large body cf
vocabulary related to law and
politics. The expanded vocabulary of
Hawaiian included terras developed by
Hawaiian newspapermen in reporting
World War I and World War II,
linguistic terminology developed in
modern monolingual language classes at
the University of Hawai'i at Hilo, and
expanded terms for modern gadgetry
developed by the Ni'ihau community.
{{p|190}}

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-(for example, ku-mu would spell kCrnO,
+(for example, <u>ku-mu</u> would spell <u>kumu</u>,
-a type of fish, in contrast to kumu,
+a type of fish, in contrast to <u>kumu</u>,
 "teacher"). A dash between vowels
 indicated a pronunciation including
-long vowels, an 'okina, or both (for
+long vowels, an <u>'okina</u>, or both (for
-example, pa-u would spell pa'u,
+example, pa-u would spell <u>pa'u</u>,
-"riding skirt," in contrast to pau,
+"riding skirt," in contrast to <u>pau</u>,
 "finished"). An apostrophe between
-vowels indicated an 'okina (for
+vowels indicated an <u>'okina</u> (for
-example, ka'i would spell ka'i, "move
+example, <u>ka'i</u> would spell <u>ka'i</u>, "move
-in a procession," in contrast to kai,
+in a procession," in contrast to <u>kai</u>,
-"sea"). 22/ These practices became
+"sea"). <u>22</u>/ These practices became
 more frequent in publications by
 Hawaiians as time went on, and the
@@ Line 19: / Line 19: @@
 dictionary, that a systematic and
 accurate recording of long vowels and
-'okina in the lexicon of Hawaiian
+<u>'okina</u> in the lexicon of Hawaiian
 occurred. The Puku'i-Elbert
 dictionary, now the standard reference
 for the Hawaiian language, marks the
-'okina with a sinqle open quote (also
+<u>'okina</u> with a sinqle open quote (also
 described as an inverted comma) and
 long vowels with a macron, following
@@ Line 33: / Line 33: @@
 distinguished in Hawaiian writing
 since 1957.
 The inclusion of the 'okina and
-kahako (macron) into the Hawaiian
+The inclusion of the <U>'okina</u> and
-writinq system improved the
+<u>kahako</u> (macron) into the Hawaiian
 missionaries' original alphabet.
 Unfortunately, it arrived too late to
@@ Line 45: / Line 46: @@
 to recordation in the improved
 spelling system. Hawaiians are also
-losinq the pronunciation of words and
+losing the pronunciation of words and
 even family names, since those who are
 knowledgeable about them are not
 taught to record them in the modern
-spoiling system.
+spelling system.
 Although the addition of the 'okina
-and the kahako have greatly improved
+Although the addition of the <u>'okina</u>
 the missionary orthography, much work
 remains to be done in the area of
@@ Line 61: / Line 63: @@
 addressed. Standardization is still
 needed in these areas as the
-assignment of the 'okina and kahako
+assignment of the <u>'okina</u> and <u>kahako</u>
 has varied even within editions cf the
 Puku'i-Elbert dictionary. The use of
-'okina and kahako is becoming standard
+<u>'okina</u> and <u>kahako</u> is becoming standard
 in published material today, although
 many older speakers are still more
 familiar with the unmarked missionary
 alphabet. Within the English language
-publications, the us? of the 'okina
+publications, the use of the <u>'okina</u>
-and kahako is a sign of accuracy and
+and <u>kahako</u> is a sign of accuracy and
 positive respect towards Hawaiian
 culture. Unfortunately, many Ehqlish
 speakers have a very poor attitude
-toward the importance of spellino
+toward the importance of spelling
 Hawaiian words with anything
-resembling the o^re they give to the
+resembling the care they give to the
 spelling of English, and this attitude
 has even rubbed off on many younger
-English-speaking Hawaiians. 2 3/
+English-speaking Hawaiians. <u>23</u>/
 As the Hawaiian writing system
 expanded from the time of the first
@@ Line 92: / Line 95: @@
 vocabulary related to law and
 politics. The expanded vocabulary of
-Hawaiian included terras developed by
+Hawaiian included terms developed by
 Hawaiian newspapermen in reporting
 World War I and World War II,

Template:Nhsc-v1-190 - Revision history

Reid Ginoza at 21:43, 9 April 2006

Jennifer Wada at 10:43, 8 March 2006