Reid Ginoza at 02:44, 14 April 2006

2006-04-14T02:44:45Z

Jennifer Wada at 10:54, 8 March 2006

2006-03-08T10:54:36Z

New page

NATIVE HAWAIIAN CULTURE
_1/ I [Larry Kimura] would like to
acknowledge the contributions of Dr.
William H. Wilson, Assistant Professor
of Hawaiian, University of Hawai'i at
Hilo, to this paper. He and I
assembled this paper after I was
approached by the Office of Hawaiian
Affairs to produce something for the
Native Hawaiians Study Commission.
We both regret that we did not have
the time to make a more thorough
contribution ("He wahi ma 'u n_C na'e
keia"). We are qrateful to the Office
of Hawaiian Affairs for their interest
)a seeing that Hawaiian language
cerns be addressed in some fashion
.,y the Commission.
2/ Haole originally meant any
foreigner, and is clearly an old
precontact word, since it occurs in
old chants. Marquesan has a cognate,
Hao'e, with a similar meaning.
Captain Cook and even early Chinese
visitors were termed haole. With the
preponderance of foreigners of
European descent, haole came to mean
individuals of European cultures, and
new terms came to be applied to the
Chinese and other non-Western ethnic
groups. As greater distinctions came
to be made in European groups, haole
was applied more and more to
Americans, including American Blacks,
termed haole 'ele'ele, "black haole."
Today, haole is used in both Hawaiian
and local English to refer to the
mainstream American ethnic group and
culture alone. It is not uncommon for
local people to make statements like,
"He isn't a haole, he's German" (or
Italian, or English, etc.) in
describing a person from Europe or an
American citizen with a strong ethnic
background. Similarly, it is not
uncommon for persons who are not of
purely WASP [white, Anglo-Saxon,
Protestant] background to be referred
to as haole because of their cultural
and linguistic background (Standard
American English). Although some
haole people new to Hawai'i
immediately jump to the conclusion
that haole is a derogatory term, it is
not, and is used by haole raised in
Hawai'i to describe themselves.
English alternatives (white,
Caucasian, and American) are all
either too broad or too narrow. White
is used for people who do not go to
the beach; Caucasian includes local
Portuguese and Europeans who differ
culturally from the haole group; and
American is used to refer to
citizenship. The quoted passage is
from Abraham Fornander, An Account of
the Polynesian Race: Its Origins and
Migrations (Rutland, Vermont and
Tokyo: Charles E. Tuttle Company,
1969), p. 285.
3/ Note, for example that the
outline given in the Draft Report
of the Native Hawaiians Study
Commission on language (p. 130)
erroneously states that Hawaiian,
Tahitian, Samoan, and Maori are
dialects of one language called Proto
Polynesian. This is equivalent to
saying that English, German, Russian,
and French are dialects of one
language called Proto Indo-European.
Although English speakers may
recognize related words in European
languages, they are not mutually
intelligible dialects of the same
language. Furthermore, Proto
Indo-European, the ancestor of these
European languages and many of those
of India, ceased to be a unified
single language in the far distant
past. The same applied to Polynesian
languages and Proto Polynesian.
216

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-NATIVE HAWAIIAN CULTURE
+=NATIVE HAWAIIAN CULTURE=
-_1/ I [Larry Kimura] would like to
+==NOTES==
 acknowledge the contributions of Dr.
 William H. Wilson, Assistant Professor
@@ Line 11: / Line 13: @@
 We both regret that we did not have
 the time to make a more thorough
-contribution ("He wahi ma 'u n_C na'e
+contribution ("<u>He wahi ma 'u n_C na'e
-keia"). We are qrateful to the Office
+keia</u>"). We are grateful to the Office
 of Hawaiian Affairs for their interest
-)a seeing that Hawaiian language
+in seeing that Hawaiian language
-cerns be addressed in some fashion
+concerns be addressed in some fashion
-.,y the Commission.
+by the Commission.
 / Haole originally meant any
 foreigner, and is clearly an old
 precontact word, since it occurs in
 old chants. Marquesan has a cognate,
-Hao'e, with a similar meaning.
+<u>Hao'e</u>, with a similar meaning.
 Captain Cook and even early Chinese
-visitors were termed haole. With the
+visitors were termed <u>haole</u>. With the
 preponderance of foreigners of
 European descent, haole came to mean
@@ Line 30: / Line 33: @@
 Chinese and other non-Western ethnic
 groups. As greater distinctions came
-to be made in European groups, haole
+to be made in European groups, <u>haole</u>
 was applied more and more to
 Americans, including American Blacks,
-termed haole 'ele'ele, "black haole."
+termed <u>haole 'ele'ele</u>, "black <u>haole</u>."
-Today, haole is used in both Hawaiian
+Today, <u>haole</u> is used in both Hawaiian
 and local English to refer to the
 mainstream American ethnic group and
@@ Line 47: / Line 50: @@
 purely WASP [white, Anglo-Saxon,
 Protestant] background to be referred
-to as haole because of their cultural
+to as <u>haole</u> because of their cultural
 and linguistic background (Standard
 American English). Although some
-haole people new to Hawai'i
+<u>haole</u> people new to Hawai'i
 immediately jump to the conclusion
-that haole is a derogatory term, it is
+that <u>haole</u> is a derogatory term, it is
-not, and is used by haole raised in
+not, and is used by <u>haole</u> raised in
 Hawai'i to describe themselves.
 English alternatives (white,
@@ Line 61: / Line 64: @@
 the beach; Caucasian includes local
 Portuguese and Europeans who differ
-culturally from the haole group; and
+culturally from the <u>haole</u> group; and
 American is used to refer to
 citizenship. The quoted passage is
-from Abraham Fornander, An Account of
+from Abraham Fornander, <u>An Account of
 the Polynesian Race: Its Origins and
-Migrations (Rutland, Vermont and
+Migrations</u> (Rutland, Vermont and
 Tokyo: Charles E. Tuttle Company,
 ), p. 285.
 / Note, for example that the
 outline given in the Draft Report
 of the Native Hawaiians Study
@@ Line 91: / Line 95: @@
 past. The same applied to Polynesian
 languages and Proto Polynesian.
+{{p|216}}

Template:Nhsc-v1-216 - Revision history

Reid Ginoza at 02:44, 14 April 2006

Jennifer Wada at 10:54, 8 March 2006