Jennifer Wada at 21:58, 15 April 2006

2006-04-15T21:58:48Z

Jennifer Wada at 10:59, 8 March 2006

2006-03-08T10:59:31Z

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moon, the kauila days were assigned
first to Kli; at the rounding of the
moon to Hua; and at the waning of the
moon to Kanaloa, Kane/ and Lono, in
that order.
Services to Ku on the human
sacrifice or "war" heiau were confined
to the period between the spring
equinox and the summer solstice,
between April and June. Human
sacrifices were restricted to luakini
ceremonies on the heiau po'okanaka
(human sacrifice) or heiau kaua (war
temple), dedicated to KQ as patron
deity of warrior chiefs. The quantity
of human sacrifices varies in accounts
from three to as many as twenty-six
for building or consecrating the
luakini po'okanaka. Since criminals
wno broke the kapu akua supplied the
sacrificial numbers, and since these
ceremonies only took place when the
community went to war or when the
ruling chief sickened and died from
sorcery, the impression is allowed
that people were not being carried off
to the execution altars every year,
but it would seem that the chiefs and
priests kept note of who in the
community skipped the services or
disturbed the peace. This does not
rule out the likelihood that chiefs
could revenge themselves easily upon
their opposition. So, it is
interesting once again to note how the
society provided the escape hatch:
first, in the form of the pu'uhonua
"cities of refuge" dedicated to Lono,
wherein criminals were granted full
mercy from violations of the kapu akua
that brought the death penalty in
judgment upon them; and again in the
right of any man to remove himself and
his family from his ali'i and move out
of his constituent 'ohana to any other
district or island beyond the reach of
revengeful overlords. What of those,
however, who knowingly stayed and
accepted their lot, unless taken
unawares by the priests? From several
accounts (particularly that of the
penitent behavior of men in
Kamehameha's army who were sacrifice*
before the Battle of Nu'uanu in the
heiau Papa'ena'ena on O'ahu) it woul<
seem that compliance was consistent
with religious beliefs, that proper
restitution was owing to society and
the 'aumakua by willingness to admit
wrongdoing and to suffer punishment
order to reach eternal existence as
living spirit, absolved finally of
crime.
Overthrow of the Kapu System in 1819
Within six months after the death
of Kamehameha the Great in May of
1819, the chiefesses Keopuolani and
Ka'ahumanu, surviving wives of
Kamehameha I, publicly ate with the
young chiefs Liholiho (then Kamehameh
II) and his younger brother
Kauikeaouli (not yet Kamehameha III),
in defiance of the 'ai kapu, or sacrec
law against men and women eating
together. This act of the chiefesses
and young chiefs ushered in the 'ai
noa, or "free eating," that eliminatec
the death penalty for criminal
infractions by breakers of this law
through execution on the heiau as
human sacrifices.
This was not the first breach by
the ali'i in customary law requiring
capital punishment for breaking of the
kapu akua. Human sacrifice as the
moe-pu'u custom, a kind of "selfimmolation,"
was required of the
chief's closest companions in life as
demonstration of loyalty to a king
upon his death. It placed the strain
of heroism on the ali'i to demonstrate
to their peers and to their subjects
that they were not afraid to die for
their lords, although practicality
would demand these heroic actions from
those ranks nearest the king in age or
those who had seen many wars, defeats
and victories, with him. If nor.e,
however, volunteered within specif::
allowances of time, then the moe-pu'u
death companions were forcibly taken
from the community at will. In
232

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-moon, the kauila days were assigned
+moon, the <u>kauila</u> days were assigned
-first to Kli; at the rounding of the
+first to <u>Ku</u>; at the rounding of the
-moon to Hua; and at the waning of the
+moon to <u>Hua</u>; and at the waning of the
-moon to Kanaloa, Kane/ and Lono, in
+moon to <u>Kanaloa</u>, <u>Kane</u> and <u>Lono</u>, in
 that order.
 Services to Ku on the human
-sacrifice or "war" heiau were confined
+Services to <u>Ku</u> on the human
 to the period between the spring
 equinox and the summer solstice,
 between April and June. Human
-sacrifices were restricted to luakini
+sacrifices were restricted to <u>luakini</u>
-ceremonies on the heiau po'okanaka
+ceremonies on the <u>heiau po'okanaka</u>
-(human sacrifice) or heiau kaua (war
+(human sacrifice) or <u>heiau kaua</u> (war
-temple), dedicated to KQ as patron
+temple), dedicated to <u>Ku</u> as patron
 deity of warrior chiefs. The quantity
 of human sacrifices varies in accounts
 from three to as many as twenty-six
 for building or consecrating the
-luakini po'okanaka. Since criminals
+<u>luakini po'okanaka</u>. Since criminals
-wno broke the kapu akua supplied the
+who broke the <u>kapu akua</u> supplied the
 sacrificial numbers, and since these
 ceremonies only took place when the
@@ Line 35: / Line 36: @@
 interesting once again to note how the
 society provided the escape hatch:
-first, in the form of the pu'uhonua
+first, in the form of the <u>pu'uhonua</u>
-"cities of refuge" dedicated to Lono,
+"cities of refuge" dedicated to <u>Lono</u>,
 wherein criminals were granted full
-mercy from violations of the kapu akua
+mercy from violations of the <u>kapu akua</u>
 that brought the death penalty in
 judgment upon them; and again in the
 right of any man to remove himself and
-his family from his ali'i and move out
+his family from his <u>ali'i</u> and move out
-of his constituent 'ohana to any other
+of his constituent <u>'ohana</u> to any other
 district or island beyond the reach of
 revengeful overlords. What of those,
@@ Line 51: / Line 52: @@
 accounts (particularly that of the
 penitent behavior of men in
-Kamehameha's army who were sacrifice*
+Kamehameha's army who were sacrificed
 before the Battle of Nu'uanu in the
-heiau Papa'ena'ena on O'ahu) it woul<
+<u>heiau</u> Papa'ena'ena on O'ahu) it would
 seem that compliance was consistent
 with religious beliefs, that proper
 restitution was owing to society and
-the 'aumakua by willingness to admit
+the <u>'aumakua</u> by willingness to admit
 wrongdoing and to suffer punishment
 order to reach eternal existence as
 living spirit, absolved finally of
 crime.
 Overthrow of the Kapu System in 1819
 Within six months after the death
 of Kamehameha the Great in May of
@@ Line 71: / Line 74: @@
 II) and his younger brother
 Kauikeaouli (not yet Kamehameha III),
-in defiance of the 'ai kapu, or sacrec
+in defiance of the <u>'ai kapu</u>, or sacred
 law against men and women eating
 together. This act of the chiefesses
-and young chiefs ushered in the 'ai
+and young chiefs ushered in the <u>'ai
-noa, or "free eating," that eliminatec
+noa</u>, or "free eating," that eliminated
 the death penalty for criminal
 infractions by breakers of this law
-through execution on the heiau as
+through execution on the <u>heiau</u> as
 human sacrifices.
 This was not the first breach by
-the ali'i in customary law requiring
+the <u>ali'i</u> in customary law requiring
 capital punishment for breaking of the
-kapu akua. Human sacrifice as the
+<u>kapu akua</u>. Human sacrifice as the
-moe-pu'u custom, a kind of "selfimmolation,"
+<u>moe-pu'u</u> custom, a kind of "self-immolation,"
 was required of the
 chief's closest companions in life as
 demonstration of loyalty to a king
 upon his death. It placed the strain
-of heroism on the ali'i to demonstrate
+of heroism on the <u>ali'i</u> to demonstrate
 to their peers and to their subjects
 that they were not afraid to die for
@@ Line 96: / Line 100: @@
 those ranks nearest the king in age or
 those who had seen many wars, defeats
-and victories, with him. If nor.e,
+and victories, with him. If none,
-however, volunteered within specif::
+however, volunteered within specific
-allowances of time, then the moe-pu'u
+allowances of time, then the <u>moe-pu'u</u>
 death companions were forcibly taken
 from the community at will. In
+{{p|232}}

Template:Nhsc-v1-232 - Revision history

Jennifer Wada at 21:58, 15 April 2006

Jennifer Wada at 10:59, 8 March 2006