Jennifer Wada at 05:47, 24 April 2006

2006-04-24T05:47:45Z

Reid Ginoza at 04:14, 9 March 2006

2006-03-09T04:14:33Z

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King Kalakaua's predecessor,
Lunalilo, had also been urged to
negotiate a treaty of reciprocity by
influential members of the sugar
planters and non-native whites, as
well as by cabinet members urging
closer bonds to the United States.
Lunalilo had originally agreed to
introduce such a treaty in the name
of the Hawaiians, in return for the
support of these people. He backed
down, however, when native elements
and white pro-Hawaiians, such as
American Walter Murray Gibson, urged
him to do so. 2_/ The main reason for
this change in Lunalilo's policy was
the issue of the lease or cession of
Pearl River [Harbor] to the United
States.
When Lunalilo died in 1874, the
pro-reciprocity factions (also known
as the Missionary Party and
"kingmakers") became convinced that
Kalakaua would support their cause.
After public statements of goodwill
toward each other,
...there were further secret
conferences between Kalakaua and
the "kingmakers" at which both
sides gave pledges. It was agreed
that in return for their support
of money and influence he would
permit them to name his cabinet
officers, and that he would go
personally to Washington to ask
for the reciprocity treaty in the
name of the Hawaiian people. They
in turn would not seek to lease
Pearl River to the United States.
3/
King Kalakaua's rule of Hawaii was
thus secured with the backing of
non-native and pro-reciprocity
factions. He ran in a plebiscite
against Queen Emma, his chief rival
for power. When the legislature
confirmed his victory in that
plebiscite, rioting broke out by the
"Hawaii for Hawaiians" supporters of
Queen Emma. The king quelled the
riot with the aid of military
personnel from both American and
British ships harboring in Hawaiian
waters at the time. The king then
moved to win back the support of thot
who had been supporting Queen Emma,
the majority of whom were on Oahu, bj
touring the Islands and calling for
a revitalization of the native
population and spirit. With this
accomplished, Kalakaua turned to the
matter of a reciprocity treaty with
the United States. The king realized
even without the urging of his
erstwhile secret backers, that "if
Hawaii were to survive economically as
a nation, the tariffs and discrimination
against Hawaiian sugar and
coffee must swiftly be removed." 4/
These "levies had strangled Hawaii's
American market—had virtually closed
this main and most essential pool for
exports." 5/
Kalakaua sought and obtained
Hawaiian legislative approval of a
reciprocity treaty in 1874. He then
"appointed Chief Justice E. H. Allen,
former United States Consul to Hawaii,
and the Honorable H. A. P. Carter,
island-born American, as special Commissioners
to Washington to prepare
the way for a visit by His Majesty to
the capital." 6/ Shortly afterwards
"Kalakaua, the first king ever to
visit the United States, was received
as a guest of the nation by President
Grant and all the members of
Congress." 1/
Although the king (and prospects
for a treaty) were greeted amiably,
one man, Claus Spreckels, a California
sugarbeet grower, singlehandedly
"organized Western opposition and
enlisted the support of Southern
sugarcane planters and Eastern
refiners in tabling the treaty." 8/
As a result of this action, Hawaii's
trade slowed to a standstill and a
national depression began as sugar
planters slowed or stopped their
shipments, hopiny that the taxes on
their products sent to the United
266

@@ Line 13: / Line 13: @@
 and white pro-Hawaiians, such as
 American Walter Murray Gibson, urged
-him to do so. 2_/ The main reason for
+him to do so. <u>2</u>/ The main reason for
 this change in Lunalilo's policy was
 the issue of the lease or cession of
 Pearl River [Harbor] to the United
 States.
 When Lunalilo died in 1874, the
 pro-reciprocity factions (also known
@@ Line 25: / Line 26: @@
 After public statements of goodwill
 toward each other,
 ...there were further secret
-conferences between Kalakaua and
+:...there were further secret conferences between Kalakaua and the "kingmakers" at which both sides gave pledges. It was agreed that in return for their support of money and influence he wouldpermit them to name his cabinet officers, and that he would go personally to Washington to ask for the reciprocity treaty in the name of the Hawaiian people. They in turn would not seek to lease Pearl River to the United States. <u>3</u>/
 the "kingmakers" at which both
 King Kalakaua's rule of Hawaii was
 thus secured with the backing of
@@ Line 53: / Line 43: @@
 British ships harboring in Hawaiian
 waters at the time. The king then
-moved to win back the support of thot
+moved to win back the support of those
 who had been supporting Queen Emma,
-the majority of whom were on Oahu, bj
+the majority of whom were on Oahu, by
 touring the Islands and calling for
 a revitalization of the native
@@ Line 67: / Line 57: @@
 a nation, the tariffs and discrimination
 against Hawaiian sugar and
-coffee must swiftly be removed." 4/
+coffee must swiftly be removed." <u>4</u>/
 These "levies had strangled Hawaii's
 American market—had virtually closed
 this main and most essential pool for
-exports." 5/
+exports." <u>5</u>/
 Kalakaua sought and obtained
 Hawaiian legislative approval of a
@@ Line 81: / Line 72: @@
 to Washington to prepare
 the way for a visit by His Majesty to
-the capital." 6/ Shortly afterwards
+the capital." <u>6</u>/ Shortly afterwards
 "Kalakaua, the first king ever to
 visit the United States, was received
 as a guest of the nation by President
 Grant and all the members of
-Congress." 1/
+Congress." <u>7</u>/
 Although the king (and prospects
 for a treaty) were greeted amiably,
@@ Line 94: / Line 86: @@
 enlisted the support of Southern
 sugarcane planters and Eastern
-refiners in tabling the treaty." 8/
+refiners in tabling the treaty." <u>8</u>/
 As a result of this action, Hawaii's
 trade slowed to a standstill and a
 national depression began as sugar
 planters slowed or stopped their
-shipments, hopiny that the taxes on
+shipments, hoping that the taxes on
 their products sent to the United
+{{p|266}}

Template:Nhsc-v1-266 - Revision history

Jennifer Wada at 05:47, 24 April 2006

Reid Ginoza at 04:14, 9 March 2006