Jennifer Wada at 05:53, 24 April 2006

2006-04-24T05:53:00Z

Reid Ginoza at 04:15, 9 March 2006

2006-03-09T04:15:09Z

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States would soon be lifted. Relief
was relatively slow in cooing/ but:
"after a year, upon President Grant's
insistence, the treaty got to the
Senate floor, and.*.Spreckels himself
appeared to lobby against it...the
Senate went into executive session.
At the secret meeting, Secretary of
State Hamilton Fish's special clause
was read, which he was inserting in
the treaty—and which would eventually
tie Hawaii to the United States." 9/
This special clause, which is found
in Article 4 of the Reciprocity
Treaty, stated:
It is agreed, on the part of his
Hawaiian Majesty, that so long as
this treaty shall remain in force
he will not lease or otherwise
dispose of or create any lien upon
any port, harbor, or other territory
in his dominions, or grant
any special privilege or rights of
use therein, to any other
power...10/
In a report of the Committee on
Ways and Means of the House of
Representatives, "the majority frankly
conceded that the main reason why the
treaty should be ratified by the
United States was on account of the
danger of British absorption of the
islands." 11/ Senator John T. Morgan
of Alabama confessed as well that the
treaty had political implications:
"The Hawaiian treaty was negotiated
for the purpose of securing political
control of those islands, making them
industrially and commercially, a part
of the United States" 12/ as well as
preventing any other power from
acquiring a foothold on them.
Evidently Kalakaua had not been (or
at least claimed he had not been)
aware that this clause would be a part
of the treaty. When the British
Commissioner to Hawaii complained to
the king about these exclusive rights,
Kalakaua answered: "...how can I
answer you about something which I
have neither read nor approved?" 13/
The king, however, eventually did
agree to this clause and the "treaty
was approved by both the United States
and Hawaiian governments in mid-1875.
In August of the following year,
Hawaii learned that Congress had
passed the legislation necessary to
put the treaty into operation. About
the only Americans in the islands who
were displeased...were those who
believed in annexation." 14/ Proannexationists
were concerned that the
reciprocity treaty would delay
annexation.
American Advisors' Influence
Several Americans and other
foreigners became close advisors to
the king at about this time. Claus
Spreckels (who had opposed the treaty)
was one of them. He saw opportunity
even in his defeat and "arrived in
Hawaii aboard the vessel which brought
the news that the treaty had finally
been approved in Washington. With his
money and relentless drive Spreckels
soon became the most powerful sugar
man in Hawaii." Spreckels also had
other interests, such as banking:
Once Kalakaua was in his debt he
was also in his grasp, and Claus
Spreckels was so important to the
king that anyone who opposed his
various deals, including cabinet
members, was soon out of office.
Eventually his hold on the government
and business community was
broken...15/
However, Spreckels remained a force in
Hawaii, for many years. By 1884, he
was known as "'the other king* of the
Hawaiian Islands." 16/
Other private Americans, such as
Walter Gibson, advised and swayed the
king. 17/ Gibson, however, was
267

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 States would soon be lifted. Relief
-was relatively slow in cooing/ but:
+was relatively slow in coming, but:
 "after a year, upon President Grant's
 insistence, the treaty got to the
-Senate floor, and.*.Spreckels himself
+Senate floor, and...Spreckels himself
 appeared to lobby against it...the
 Senate went into executive session.
@@ Line 10: / Line 10: @@
 was read, which he was inserting in
 the treaty—and which would eventually
-tie Hawaii to the United States." 9/
+tie Hawaii to the United States." <u>9</u>/
 This special clause, which is found
 in Article 4 of the Reciprocity
 Treaty, stated:
 It is agreed, on the part of his
-Hawaiian Majesty, that so long as
+:It is agreed, on the part of his Hawaiian Majesty, that so long as this treaty shall remain in force he will not lease or otherwise dispose of or create any lien upon any port, harbor, or other territory in his dominions, or grant any special privilege or rights of use therein, to any other power...<u>10</u>/
 this treaty shall remain in force
 In a report of the Committee on
 Ways and Means of the House of
@@ Line 31: / Line 25: @@
 United States was on account of the
 danger of British absorption of the
-islands." 11/ Senator John T. Morgan
+islands." <u>11</u>/ Senator John T. Morgan
 of Alabama confessed as well that the
 treaty had political implications:
@@ Line 38: / Line 32: @@
 control of those islands, making them
 industrially and commercially, a part
-of the United States" 12/ as well as
+of the United States" <u>12</u>/ as well as
 preventing any other power from
 acquiring a foothold on them.
 Evidently Kalakaua had not been (or
 at least claimed he had not been)
@@ Line 49: / Line 44: @@
 Kalakaua answered: "...how can I
 answer you about something which I
-have neither read nor approved?" 13/
+have neither read nor approved?" <u>13</u>/
 The king, however, eventually did
 agree to this clause and the "treaty
@@ Line 60: / Line 55: @@
 the only Americans in the islands who
 were displeased...were those who
-believed in annexation." 14/ Proannexationists
+believed in annexation." <u>14</u>/ Proannexationists
 were concerned that the
 reciprocity treaty would delay
 annexation.
 American Advisors' Influence
 Several Americans and other
 foreigners became close advisors to
@@ Line 78: / Line 75: @@
 man in Hawaii." Spreckels also had
 other interests, such as banking:
 Once Kalakaua was in his debt he
-was also in his grasp, and Claus
+:Once Kalakaua was in his debt he was also in his grasp, and Claus Spreckels was so important to the king that anyone who opposed his various deals, including cabinet members, was soon out of office. Eventually his hold on the government and business community was broken...<u>15</u>/
 Spreckels was so important to the
 However, Spreckels remained a force in
 Hawaii, for many years. By 1884, he
 was known as "'the other king* of the
-Hawaiian Islands." 16/
+Hawaiian Islands." <u>16</u>/
 Other private Americans, such as
 Walter Gibson, advised and swayed the
-king. 17/ Gibson, however, was
+king. <u>17</u>/ Gibson, however, was
+{{p|267}}

Template:Nhsc-v1-267 - Revision history

Jennifer Wada at 05:53, 24 April 2006

Reid Ginoza at 04:15, 9 March 2006