Jennifer Wada at 06:29, 24 April 2006

2006-04-24T06:29:29Z

Reid Ginoza at 04:16, 9 March 2006

2006-03-09T04:16:41Z

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issues, due to his huge financial
investments and dependence on the
kingdom. This alarmed the sugar
planters* They had been able in 1884
to bypass Spreckels' virtual monopoly
on handling their sugar exports as
"some of them marketed their sugar
independently in the United States
and, finding they could do so
successfully, all were eager to break
with him." 46/ In 1883, Premier
Gibson had also promised Spreckels the
monopoly on transporting Chinese
immigrants—a monopoly that had
already been promised to an American
firm. Sanford Dole, in a December
1883 meeting of soon-to-be reformists,
discussed renewal of the reciprocity
treaty. He stated that Gibson's act
of giving Spreckels a monopoly on
transporting immigrants was "likely to
endanger Hawaii's treaty relations
with the United States at a crucial
time." 47/
Attacks on Gibson's policies
continued so unceasingly that he
became "the sole issue of the 1886
legislative campaign." 48/ At this
time "the king had at last wearied of
domination by Claus Spreckels, the
Opposition effected an alliance with
the king and his party, and expressed
distrust in the existing Cabinet." 49/
Spreckels1 hold over the king was thus
finally broken, despite Gibson's protests.
Two cabinets were dismissed
and replaced with Gibson still as
premier. Reform members had been
voted into the Assembly in 1886, including
Lorrin A. Thurston, who would
play a major role in the formation of
a republic.
Cabinet Government Formed
The reformers regarded themselves
as a "morally righteous group" who
finally took action against the king
and Gibson for two main reasons:
their attempt to create an empire, and
the king's action on opium licenses.
Concern focused on the "attempt to
establish an Empire of Polynesia, with
Kalakaua as ruler;" and on the fact
that the king was "accepting money for
the license to import opium from two
different individuals." 5_0/ Although
the opium license problem had far less
world impact than the matter of
creating a Polynesian empire, it
raised the ire of the reformers from
the start. Several of the reformists
had gone home from the legislature on
private business, whereupon "the
Royalists seized the reins and by a
bare majority passed an opium license
bill which was signed by the king in
spite of outspoken public protests."
51/ The problem was compounded when
it was learned that the king had
evidently accepted money for the
license from more than one individual.
The other event that brought the
reformers to action was the attempt to
implement Gibson's dream for the king
of creating a Polynesian empire. This
dream had been given fresh impetus
after the king's world tour, where he
saw that his European fellow
sovereigns had expansionist dreams as
well. As a result:
In 1880 a resolution was passed in
the legislature which created a
Royal Hawaiian Commissioner to
represent the government to the
peoples of Polynesia. Three years
later the government sent copies
of a policy statement to twentysix
nations stating that the
various islands of Polynesia
should be allowed to govern
themselves and not be annexed by
any major power. 52/
Although most nations disregarded
this statement, Kalakaua decided in
1887 to implement his dream by sending
a delegation to Samoa with the
responsibility of "forming a political
confederation." 53/ Germany was at
the same time in the process of making
Samoa a colony. When Bismarck learned
of Hawaii's confederation, he sent
angry messages to Washington demanding
271

@@ Line 2: / Line 2: @@
 investments and dependence on the
 kingdom. This alarmed the sugar
-planters* They had been able in 1884
+planters’ They had been able in 1884
 to bypass Spreckels' virtual monopoly
 on handling their sugar exports as
@@ Line 9: / Line 9: @@
 and, finding they could do so
 successfully, all were eager to break
-with him." 46/ In 1883, Premier
+with him." <u>46</u>/ In 1883, Premier
 Gibson had also promised Spreckels the
 monopoly on transporting Chinese
@@ Line 22: / Line 22: @@
 endanger Hawaii's treaty relations
 with the United States at a crucial
-time." 47/
+time." <u>47</u>/
 Attacks on Gibson's policies
 continued so unceasingly that he
 became "the sole issue of the 1886
-legislative campaign." 48/ At this
+legislative campaign." <u>48</u>/ At this
 time "the king had at last wearied of
 domination by Claus Spreckels, the
 Opposition effected an alliance with
 the king and his party, and expressed
-distrust in the existing Cabinet." 49/
+distrust in the existing Cabinet." <u>49</u>/
 Spreckels1 hold over the king was thus
 finally broken, despite Gibson's protests.
@@ Line 41: / Line 42: @@
 play a major role in the formation of
 a republic.
 Cabinet Government Formed
 The reformers regarded themselves
 as a "morally righteous group" who
@@ Line 53: / Line 56: @@
 that the king was "accepting money for
 the license to import opium from two
-different individuals." 5_0/ Although
+different individuals." <u>50</u>/ Although
 the opium license problem had far less
 world impact than the matter of
@@ Line 65: / Line 68: @@
 bill which was signed by the king in
 spite of outspoken public protests."
-/ The problem was compounded when
+<u>51</u>/ The problem was compounded when
 it was learned that the king had
 evidently accepted money for the
 license from more than one individual.
 The other event that brought the
 reformers to action was the attempt to
@@ Line 78: / Line 82: @@
 sovereigns had expansionist dreams as
 well. As a result:
 In 1880 a resolution was passed in
-the legislature which created a
+:In 1880 a resolution was passed in the legislature which created a Royal Hawaiian Commissioner to represent the government to the peoples of Polynesia. Three years later the government sent copies of a policy statement to twenty-six nations stating that the various islands of Polynesia should be allowed to govern themselves and not be annexed by any major power. <u>52</u>/
 Royal Hawaiian Commissioner to
 Although most nations disregarded
 this statement, Kalakaua decided in
@@ Line 95: / Line 90: @@
 a delegation to Samoa with the
 responsibility of "forming a political
-confederation." 53/ Germany was at
+confederation." <u>53</u>/ Germany was at
 the same time in the process of making
 Samoa a colony. When Bismarck learned
 of Hawaii's confederation, he sent
 angry messages to Washington demanding
+{{p|271}}

Template:Nhsc-v1-271 - Revision history

Jennifer Wada at 06:29, 24 April 2006

Reid Ginoza at 04:16, 9 March 2006