Reid Ginoza at 03:47, 18 March 2006

2006-03-18T03:47:59Z

Jennifer Wada at 09:37, 8 March 2006

2006-03-08T09:37:55Z

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Advancement in the professions is
one of the "most sensitive gauges of
advancing prestige on the part of the
several ethnic groups." 45/ The
advantage that those in the haole
group enjoyed is evident in Table 16.
The advantage that native Hawaiians,
especially part-Hawaiians, enjoyed in
the professions during earlier census
periods largely disappeared before
1940. In 1930, there were more
judges, lawyers and teachers in
Honolulu who were Hawaiian and part-
Hawaiian than any other group. Yet,
the vast majority of native Hawaiians
in Honolulu had lesser occupational
roles. 4_6/ Chinese, on the other
hand, greatly increased their
representation in the professions from
1930. 47/
Native Hawaiians have always been
less than proportionally represented
in occupations of commerce, although
part-Hawaiians have apparently made a
better adjustment than pure Hawaiians.
One reason for this may be that
important elements in the native
Hawaiian culture hampered success in
business on the part of Hawaiians.
Noted Hawaiian sociologist Romanzo
Adams speculated on the causes of the
situation in the 1930's:
...the old Hawaiians had no
commerce and probably not even
barter...The introduction of
profit seeking trade by foreigners
brought from the outside world
certain commodities that the
Hawaiians greatly desired and
hence they, under the tutelage of
foreigners, did gradually enter
upon a commercial economy. But,
so far [i.e., 1937], they have not
brought their mores into full
harmony with such an economy...To
an old-fashion Hawaiian, the
practices of the hard-boiled
business man are immoral. One
would be ashamed to drive a hard
bargain based on another man's
necessity...48/
This gap is gradually diminishing
among ethnic groups, as Table 17
illustrates. Native Hawaiians,
especially those of mixed ancestry,
revealed special aptitude as
craftsmen, including the operation and
handling of machinery. 49/
1960 to 1980
Employment levels and types are
closely related to educational levels.
The educational problems noted above
presage the employment picture for
native Hawaiians. According to the
1970 U.S. Census, 4.3 percent of
native Hawaiian men and 5.2 percent of
native Hawaiian women in the civilian
labor force were unemployed in 1970
(see Table 18). These figures compare
with 2.6 percent for men and 3.7
percent for women for the State of
Hawaii overall. The unemployment rate
for native Hawaiian men was also
higher than the average U.S. rate.
The comparable figures for the United
States as a whole were 3.9 percent and
5.2 percent for men and women,
respectively. 50/
The unemployment rate for native
Hawaiian males was significantly
higher than that for the Japanese,
Chinese, Filipino, and White groups.
Japanese men had the lowest
unemployment rate at 1.4 percent.
Native Hawaiian women also had a
higher unemployment rate than other
ethnic groups, except for the White
group.
The percent of native Hawaiian
males in the labor force, 76.4 percent,
was similar to that for the
Chinese, Filipinos, and the average,
U.S. rate. It was lower than the
percentage for the State as a whole,
81.5 percent, for Japanese, 79.7
percent, and for Whites, 86 percent.
However, it should be noted that
almost 45 percent of the White male
labor force was in the armed forces.
The unemployment picture for native
Hawaiians in 1975 is shown in Table
19, based on data from the 1975 Census
{{p|49}}

@@ Line 2: / Line 2: @@
 one of the "most sensitive gauges of
 advancing prestige on the part of the
-several ethnic groups." 45/ The
+several ethnic groups." <u>45</u>/ The
-advantage that those in the haole
+advantage that those in the <u>haole</u>
 group enjoyed is evident in Table 16.
 The advantage that native Hawaiians,
@@ Line 15: / Line 15: @@
 the vast majority of native Hawaiians
 in Honolulu had lesser occupational
-roles. 4_6/ Chinese, on the other
+roles. <u>46</u>/ Chinese, on the other
 hand, greatly increased their
 representation in the professions from
-. 47/
+. <u>47</u>/
 Native Hawaiians have always been
 less than proportionally represented
@@ Line 31: / Line 32: @@
 Adams speculated on the causes of the
 situation in the 1930's:
 ...the old Hawaiians had no
-commerce and probably not even
+: ...the old Hawaiians had no commerce and probably not even barter...The introduction of profit seeking trade by foreigners brought from the outside world certain commodities that the Hawaiians greatly desired and hence they, under the tutelage of foreigners, did gradually enter upon a commercial economy. But, so far [i.e., 1937], they have not brought their mores into full harmony with such an economy...To an old-fashion Hawaiian, the practices of the hard-boiled business man are immoral. One would be ashamed to drive a hard bargain based on another man's necessity...<u>48</u>/
 barter...The introduction of
 This gap is gradually diminishing
 among ethnic groups, as Table 17
@@ Line 56: / Line 41: @@
 revealed special aptitude as
 craftsmen, including the operation and
-handling of machinery. 49/
+handling of machinery. <u>49</u>/
 to 1980
 Employment levels and types are
 closely related to educational levels.
@@ Line 76: / Line 63: @@
 States as a whole were 3.9 percent and
 .2 percent for men and women,
-respectively. 50/
+respectively. <u>50</u>/
 The unemployment rate for native
 Hawaiian males was significantly
@@ Line 87: / Line 75: @@
 ethnic groups, except for the White
 group.
 The percent of native Hawaiian
 males in the labor force, 76.4 percent,
@@ Line 98: / Line 87: @@
 almost 45 percent of the White male
 labor force was in the armed forces.
 The unemployment picture for native
 Hawaiians in 1975 is shown in Table
 , based on data from the 1975 Census
 {{p|49}}

Template:Nhsc-v1-49 - Revision history

Reid Ginoza at 03:47, 18 March 2006

Jennifer Wada at 09:37, 8 March 2006