Reid Ginoza at 03:54, 19 March 2006

2006-03-19T03:54:10Z

Jennifer Wada at 09:44, 8 March 2006

2006-03-08T09:44:52Z

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If antagonistic sentiment prevails
in some group of less influence
and if its members feel free to
give expression to such antagonistic
sentiment only within the
intimate group of like-minded and
under conditions that more or less
imply that it is confidential,
such sentiment may be important in
some ways but it is not public
sentiment. In Hawaii a man or
woman is free to marry out of his
or her race so far as public
sentiment is concerned. 92/
Adams feels that the large number of
interracial marriages in Hawaii is a
consequence of this freedom. 93/
Interracial marriage became an
acceptable phenomenon in Hawaii very
quickly after the arrival of
foreigners. There were many factors
contributing to this acceptance.
First, the Hawaiian family system at
the time was not rigidly organized.
There was much freedom in interpersonal
and sexual relations, except
for the all'1. Little or no ceremony
was associated with either marriage or
divorce. Marriage to one partner did
not prevent marriage to another at the
same time. The practice of giving
away children to friends or relatives
to raise (hanai) further increased the
freedom of women. A3ams concluded
that:
The freedom of trie Hawaiians in
relation to marriage was an
important factor in the early
interracial marriage. Had there
been a strictly organized and
regulated system among the
Hawaiians it would have operated
to prevent marriage with
foreigners because the foreigners
who came to Hawaii could not
readily conform to the requirement
of such regulations. 94/
Other factors also contributed to
this phenomenon. Since Hawaiians had
had no contact with outside groups,
they were free of an antagonistic bias
against them or against marrying them.
At first, most interracial marriages
were between native women and foreign
men. The explanation for this is
obvious: the white men who arrived as
traders brought no women. Later, when
immigrant laborers began to arrive,
only the Portuguese required that
women accompany the men. Thus, there
were disproportionate numbers of males
over females for ethnic groups such as
the Japanese, Chinese and Filipinos.
Another factor to be considered in
this connection was the rapidly
declining population of native
Hawaiians throughout the nineteenth
century. Kings, chiefs, and missionaries
alike were concerned, and the
government of the kingdom consciously
searched for cognate racial groups to
strengthen the Hawaiian stock. Intermarriage
was not only accepted, for
native Hawaiians it was necessary to
save the race. Chart 6 confirms this
fact, showing as it does the steadily
declining full-Hawaiian population and
the rapid increase in the part-
Hawaiian population after 1920.
Table 41 shows the percent of
marriages for each ethnic group that
involved a partner of another ethnic
group for the period from 1912 to
1981. The high percentage of such
"out-marriages" for native Hawaiians
is evident throughout the interval
covered by the table.
World War II, with the attendant
increase in military personnel, had an
important effect on race relations in
Hawaii. The large influx of white
males brought a form of racial
prejudice to Hawaii that had not been
prevalent before. Nevertheless, there
was an increase in out-marrlages,
especially of Caucasian males and non-
Caucasian females. 95/
The result of this extensive interracial
marriage has been the creation
of a population of considerable racial
and cultural diversity. The extent of
racial harmony among groups throughout
{{p|61}}

@@ Line 12: / Line 12: @@
 woman is free to marry out of his
 or her race so far as public
-sentiment is concerned. 92/
+sentiment is concerned. <u>92</u>/
 Adams feels that the large number of
 interracial marriages in Hawaii is a
-consequence of this freedom. 93/
+consequence of this freedom. <u>93</u>/
 Interracial marriage became an
 acceptable phenomenon in Hawaii very
@@ Line 25: / Line 27: @@
 There was much freedom in interpersonal
 and sexual relations, except
-for the all'1. Little or no ceremony
+for the <u>ali'i</u>. Little or no ceremony
 was associated with either marriage or
 divorce. Marriage to one partner did
@@ Line 31: / Line 33: @@
 same time. The practice of giving
 away children to friends or relatives
-to raise (hanai) further increased the
+to raise (<u>hanai</u>) further increased the
-freedom of women. A3ams concluded
+freedom of women. Adams concluded
 that:
-The freedom of trie Hawaiians in
-relation to marriage was an
+: The freedom of the Hawaiians in relation to marriage was an important factor in the early interracial marriage. Had there been a strictly organized and regulated system among the Hawaiians it would have operated to prevent marriage with foreigners because the foreigners who came to Hawaii could not readily conform to the requirement of such regulations. <u>94</u>/
 important factor in the early
 Other factors also contributed to
 this phenomenon. Since Hawaiians had
@@ Line 62: / Line 55: @@
 over females for ethnic groups such as
 the Japanese, Chinese and Filipinos.
 Another factor to be considered in
 this connection was the rapidly
@@ Line 70: / Line 64: @@
 government of the kingdom consciously
 searched for cognate racial groups to
-strengthen the Hawaiian stock. Intermarriage
+strengthen the Hawaiian stock. Intermarriage was not only accepted, for
 native Hawaiians it was necessary to
 save the race. Chart 6 confirms this
@@ Line 78: / Line 71: @@
 the rapid increase in the part-
 Hawaiian population after 1920.
 Table 41 shows the percent of
 marriages for each ethnic group that
@@ Line 86: / Line 80: @@
 is evident throughout the interval
 covered by the table.
 World War II, with the attendant
 increase in military personnel, had an
@@ Line 95: / Line 90: @@
 was an increase in out-marrlages,
 especially of Caucasian males and non-
-Caucasian females. 95/
+Caucasian females. <u>95</u>/
 The result of this extensive interracial
 marriage has been the creation

Template:Nhsc-v1-61 - Revision history

Reid Ginoza at 03:54, 19 March 2006

Jennifer Wada at 09:44, 8 March 2006