Template:Nhsc-v1-62 - Revision history

Jennifer Wada at 08:19, 26 March 2006

2006-03-26T08:19:03Z

Reid Ginoza at 03:12, 22 March 2006

2006-03-22T03:12:41Z

Jennifer Wada at 09:45, 8 March 2006

2006-03-08T09:45:32Z

New page

history is a matter of some dispute.
Based on his studies, Adams wrote
that:
...there is, in Hawaii, an
uncommon degree of freedom in
relation to interracial marriage
and that this freedom is the
consequence of the special
practices, doctrines and sentiments
relating to race that have
come out of the historic
conditions. The historic
situation has favored the development
of the mores of racial
equality. Because there is no
denial of political rights and
economic or educational privilege
on grounds of race, because racial
equality is symbolized, the social
code permits of marriage across
race lines. 96/
The Commission received comments
97/ on the issue of racism in Hawaii
that do not coincide with the
conclusion of sociologist Romanzo
Adams that: "The historic situation
has favored the development of the
mores of racial equality." 98/ Even
though race relations do not seem to
be the idyll painted by some authors,
racial tensions in Hawaii do not seem
to be all-pervasive. One writer
states, for example, that "while there
were many times in the past [that is,
in the 1800's] when native Hawaiians
felt the pangs of racism, for the most
part racism was kept beneath the
surface and remained latent." 99/
Later on during the Republic of Hawaii
(1894-1900), property qualifications
and other restrictions for voters
would openly discriminate against poor
native Hawaiians and all Asiatics in
Hawaii (see following section).
Race relations in Hawaii did,
however, reach dangerously low levels
in the jarly 1930's with the Massie
rape cise, which was cited in at least
one comment received by the Commiboion.
100/ In 1931, Mrs. Massie,
the wife of a young Navy lieutenant,
was attacked and allegedly raped by
five "dark-skinned youths" near
Waikiki. 101/ A racially-mixed jury
was unable to reach a verdict on her
alleged assailants and: "A private
report from the Pmkerton Detective
Agency to Governor Judd showed subsequently
that the woman's story was
full of contradictions and that in the
opinion of the consultants, an
acquittal was absolutely justified."
102/ The U.S. Navy did not agree and
the "Commandant of the Fourteenth
Naval District sent scorching wires to
the Secretary of the Navy denouncing
the administration of justice in
Hawaii." 103/ Meanwhile, Mrs.
Massie's husband and mother kidnapped
one of the accused, a native Hawaiian,
and killed him. This time, the jury
convicted them. After much agitation
on the U.S. mainland and by the
military in Hawaii, however, the
Governor commuted the 10-year prison
sentences of Mrs. Massie's husband
and mother to one hour.
The uproar caused by this case was
accompanied by "hysterical" Navy
reports stating that the enforcement
of the law in Hawaii was lax and
inefficient and described "dark gangs
of prowlers, lusting after white
women, Japanese annoyances directed at
Navy personnel, and riots caused by
fighting between natives and Orientals
against whites." 104/ As a result,
there was strong pressure by the Navy
to strip Hawaii of its territorial
status, and bills were introduced in
Congress to create a commission
government in Hawaii in which the Array
and Navy would have a voice. None of
these bills was passed, but the
residents of Hawaii became aware for
the first time of their tenuous
position as a U.S. territory.
Political Participation
The Monarchy
The evolution of native Hawaiian
society from birth-determined chiefs
{{p|62}}

@@ Line 31: / Line 31: @@
 Race relations in Hawaii did,
 however, reach dangerously low levels
-in the jarly 1930's with the Massie
+in the early 1930's with the Massie
-rape cise, which was cited in at least
+rape case, which was cited in at least
 one comment received by the Commiboion.
 <u>100</u>/ In 1931, Mrs. Massie,

@@ Line 2: / Line 2: @@
 Based on his studies, Adams wrote
 that:
 ...there is, in Hawaii, an
-uncommon degree of freedom in
+: ...there is, in Hawaii, an uncommon degree of freedom in relation to interracial marriage and that this freedom is the consequence of the special practices, doctrines and sentiments relating to race that have come out of the historic conditions. The historic situation has favored the development of the mores of racial equality. Because there is no denial of political rights and economic or educational privilege on grounds of race, because racial equality is symbolized, the social code permits of marriage across race lines. <u>96</u>/
 relation to interracial marriage
 The Commission received comments
-/ on the issue of racism in Hawaii
+<u>97</u>/ on the issue of racism in Hawaii
 that do not coincide with the
 conclusion of sociologist Romanzo
 Adams that: "The historic situation
 has favored the development of the
-mores of racial equality." 98/ Even
+mores of racial equality." <u>98</u>/ Even
 though race relations do not seem to
 be the idyll painted by some authors,
@@ Line 36: / Line 21: @@
 felt the pangs of racism, for the most
 part racism was kept beneath the
-surface and remained latent." 99/
+surface and remained latent." <u>99</u>/
 Later on during the Republic of Hawaii
 (1894-1900), property qualifications
@@ Line 43: / Line 28: @@
 native Hawaiians and all Asiatics in
 Hawaii (see following section).
 Race relations in Hawaii did,
 however, reach dangerously low levels
@@ Line 48: / Line 34: @@
 rape cise, which was cited in at least
 one comment received by the Commiboion.
-/ In 1931, Mrs. Massie,
+<u>100</u>/ In 1931, Mrs. Massie,
 the wife of a young Navy lieutenant,
 was attacked and allegedly raped by
 five "dark-skinned youths" near
-Waikiki. 101/ A racially-mixed jury
+Waikiki. <u>101</u>/ A racially-mixed jury
 was unable to reach a verdict on her
 alleged assailants and: "A private
@@ Line 61: / Line 47: @@
 opinion of the consultants, an
 acquittal was absolutely justified."
-/ The U.S. Navy did not agree and
+<u>102</u>/ The U.S. Navy did not agree and
 the "Commandant of the Fourteenth
 Naval District sent scorching wires to
 the Secretary of the Navy denouncing
 the administration of justice in
-Hawaii." 103/ Meanwhile, Mrs.
+Hawaii." <u>103</u>/ Meanwhile, Mrs.
 Massie's husband and mother kidnapped
 one of the accused, a native Hawaiian,
@@ Line 76: / Line 62: @@
 sentences of Mrs. Massie's husband
 and mother to one hour.
 The uproar caused by this case was
 accompanied by "hysterical" Navy
@@ Line 85: / Line 72: @@
 Navy personnel, and riots caused by
 fighting between natives and Orientals
-against whites." 104/ As a result,
+against whites." <u>104</u>/ As a result,
 there was strong pressure by the Navy
 to strip Hawaii of its territorial
@@ Line 96: / Line 83: @@
 the first time of their tenuous
 position as a U.S. territory.
 Political Participation
-The Monarchy
+===Political Participation===
 The evolution of native Hawaiian
 society from birth-determined chiefs
 {{p|62}}