Difference between revisions of "Template:Nhsc-v1-174"

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of O'ahu describes Kahiki, a term used
 
of O'ahu describes Kahiki, a term used
 
for all lands outside of Hawai'i:
 
for all lands outside of Hawai'i:
−
Ua 'ike ho'i au la Kahiki
+
 
−
He moku leo paha'oha'o wale
+
:Ua 'ike ho'i au la Kahiki
−
Kahiki
+
:He moku leo paha'oha'o wale Kahiki
−
• • *
+
:...
−
'A'ohe o Kahiki kanaka
+
:'A'ohe o Kahiki kanaka
−
Ho'okahi o Kahiki kanaka - he
+
:Ho'okahi o Kahiki kanaka - he Haole <u>2</u>/
−
Haole 2/
+
 
−
I have seen Kahiki
+
 
−
Kahiki is an island with a
+
:I have seen Kahiki
−
puzzling language
+
:Kahiki is an island with a puzzling language
−
Kahiki has no people
+
:...
−
Except for one kind - foreigners
+
:Kahiki has no people
−
Many Hawaiian _•/ families trace
+
:Except for one kind - foreigners
 +
 
 +
Many Hawaiian <u>{{*}}</u>/ families trace
 
part of their ancestry to voyagers
 
part of their ancestry to voyagers
 
from these foreign lands called
 
from these foreign lands called
 
Kahiki. Regular sound correspondence
 
Kahiki. Regular sound correspondence
−
between k_ in Hawaiian with t in other
+
between <u>k</u> in Hawaiian with <u>t</u> in other
−
Polynesian languaqes supports an
+
Polynesian languages supports an
−
i d e n t i f i c a t i o n of at least one Kahiki
+
identification of at least one Kahiki
−
with T a h i t i . Linguistic analysis of
+
with Tahiti. Linguistic analysis of
 
Hawaiian supports a theory that the
 
Hawaiian supports a theory that the
−
lanoua-7e has i t s closest r e l a t i v e s in
+
language has its closest relatives in
 
the Marquesas, Society, and other
 
the Marquesas, Society, and other
 
island groups of French Polynesia,
 
island groups of French Polynesia,
 
some two thousand miles to the south.
 
some two thousand miles to the south.
−
There s t i l l remains a certain amount
+
There still remains a certain amount
−
of mutual i n t e l l i g i b i l i t y between
+
of mutual intelligibility between
 
Hawaiian and other Eastern Polynesian
 
Hawaiian and other Eastern Polynesian
 
languages such as Tahitian, Cook
 
languages such as Tahitian, Cook
 
Islands Maori, and New Zealand Maori,
 
Islands Maori, and New Zealand Maori,
−
as shown in Table 59. ''All tables
+
as shown in Table 59. (All tables
 
appear at the end of the chapter).
 
appear at the end of the chapter).
−
The s i m i l a r i t y among Polynesian
+
 
−
lanquaqes has been overemphasized by
+
The similarity among Polynesian
 +
languages has been overemphasized by
 
casual observers who have erroneously
 
casual observers who have erroneously
 
claimed that Hawaiian and other
 
claimed that Hawaiian and other
−
*/ Mr. Kimura uses the term
+
 
−
"Hawaiian" in the same way that
+
Polynesians all speak but "dialects"
−
"native Hawaiian" is used in the
+
of a single language. <u>3</u>/ Linguists
−
majority of this Report; that i s , to
+
generally accept distinct languages
−
siqnify those persons who have any
+
{as opposed to dialects) as having
−
amount of the blood of those who
+
more than 70 percent of their basic
−
inhabited the Hawaiian Islands prior
 
−
to 1778.
 
−
Polynesian^ ill speak but "dialects"
 
−
of a single lar.quaoe. _i/ Linguists
 
−
general.'/ accept d i s t i n c t languaqes
 
−
{as opposed to d i a l e c t s ) as hav:r/i
 
−
more than 7u percent of their basic
 
 
vocabulary as cognate. Hawaiian
 
vocabulary as cognate. Hawaiian
−
shares 56 percent of i t s basic
+
shares 56 percent of its basic
 
vocabulary with Marquesan and only 46
 
vocabulary with Marquesan and only 46
 
percent with Tahitian, the two
 
percent with Tahitian, the two
 
languages most closely related to
 
languages most closely related to
−
Hawaiian, according to l i n c u i s t s.
+
Hawaiian, according to linguists.
 
Given the independent status of the
 
Given the independent status of the
−
Hawaiian lanauage, it is notable that
+
Hawaiian language, it is notable that
−
Hawaiians and other Polynesians in th<
+
Hawaiians and other Polynesians in the
 
independent nations of the South
 
independent nations of the South
 
Pacific readily recognize the
 
Pacific readily recognize the
−
r e l a t i o n s h i p among their languaqes and
+
relationship among their languages and
 
put much emphasis on this even in
 
put much emphasis on this even in
−
o f f i c i a l government business between
+
official government business between
 
Hawai'i and their countries.
 
Hawai'i and their countries.
 +
 
Unlike New Zealand Maori and
 
Unlike New Zealand Maori and
−
Marquesan, whicr, exhibit a number of
+
Marquesan, which exhibit a number of
−
rather different d i a l e c t s , differences
+
rather different dialects, differences
 
within Hawaiian are quite minor and
 
within Hawaiian are quite minor and
 
were probably never much greater than
 
were probably never much greater than
 
today. The lack of major dialect
 
today. The lack of major dialect
−
d i f f e r e n t i a t i o n within Hawaiian can be
+
differentiation within Hawaiian can be
−
a t t r i b u t e d in part to the lack of
+
attributed in part to the lack of
−
s t a b l e groupings of people, -such a :
+
stable groupings of people, such as
−
t r i b e s or clans, m the traditional
+
tribes or clans, in the traditional
−
p o l i t i c a l system. lr. pre-contact
+
political system. In pre-contact
 
times, there was continuous
 
times, there was continuous
−
interchange anong the various line^^e3
+
interchange among the various lineages
 
across the whole island chain and
 
across the whole island chain and
−
constant redefinition of p o l i t i c al
+
constant redefinition of political
−
boundaries across d i s t r i c t s and
+
boundaries across districts and
−
i s l a n d s . Tradition mentions an
+
islands. Tradition mentions an
 
individual from the island of Hawai'i
 
individual from the island of Hawai'i
−
named Kalaunuiohua who nearlysucceeded
+
named Kalaunuiohua who nearly succeeded
−
in conquering the '-ntir'3
+
in conquering the entire
−
island chain at one time. _4/ Usually,
+
island chain at one time. <u>4</u>/ Usually,
 
however, Maui controlled the
 
however, Maui controlled the
 
neighboring islands of Moloka'i,
 
neighboring islands of Moloka'i,
 
Laha'i, and Kaho'olawe, with Hawai'i
 
Laha'i, and Kaho'olawe, with Hawai'i
 
and O'ahu as separate units, and
 
and O'ahu as separate units, and
−
Kaua ' i control h n q neiqhborinq
+
Kaua'i controlling neighboring
 
Ni'ihau. The greatest contrasts in
 
Ni'ihau. The greatest contrasts in
 
speech within Hawaiian are between
 
speech within Hawaiian are between
 +
 +
<u>{{*}}</u>/ Mr. Kimura uses the term
 +
"Hawaiian" in the same way that
 +
"native Hawaiian" is used in the
 +
majority of this Report; that is, to
 +
signify those persons who have any
 +
amount of the blood of those who
 +
inhabited the Hawaiian Islands prior
 +
to 1778.
 +
 
{{p|174}}
 
{{p|174}}

Latest revision as of 15:58, 8 April 2006

of O'ahu describes Kahiki, a term used for all lands outside of Hawai'i:

Ua 'ike ho'i au la Kahiki
He moku leo paha'oha'o wale Kahiki
...
'A'ohe o Kahiki kanaka
Ho'okahi o Kahiki kanaka - he Haole 2/


I have seen Kahiki
Kahiki is an island with a puzzling language
...
Kahiki has no people
Except for one kind - foreigners

Many Hawaiian */ families trace part of their ancestry to voyagers from these foreign lands called Kahiki. Regular sound correspondence between k in Hawaiian with t in other Polynesian languages supports an identification of at least one Kahiki with Tahiti. Linguistic analysis of Hawaiian supports a theory that the language has its closest relatives in the Marquesas, Society, and other island groups of French Polynesia, some two thousand miles to the south. There still remains a certain amount of mutual intelligibility between Hawaiian and other Eastern Polynesian languages such as Tahitian, Cook Islands Maori, and New Zealand Maori, as shown in Table 59. (All tables appear at the end of the chapter).

The similarity among Polynesian languages has been overemphasized by casual observers who have erroneously claimed that Hawaiian and other

Polynesians all speak but "dialects" of a single language. 3/ Linguists generally accept distinct languages {as opposed to dialects) as having more than 70 percent of their basic vocabulary as cognate. Hawaiian shares 56 percent of its basic vocabulary with Marquesan and only 46 percent with Tahitian, the two languages most closely related to Hawaiian, according to linguists. Given the independent status of the Hawaiian language, it is notable that Hawaiians and other Polynesians in the independent nations of the South Pacific readily recognize the relationship among their languages and put much emphasis on this even in official government business between Hawai'i and their countries.

Unlike New Zealand Maori and Marquesan, which exhibit a number of rather different dialects, differences within Hawaiian are quite minor and were probably never much greater than today. The lack of major dialect differentiation within Hawaiian can be attributed in part to the lack of stable groupings of people, such as tribes or clans, in the traditional political system. In pre-contact times, there was continuous interchange among the various lineages across the whole island chain and constant redefinition of political boundaries across districts and islands. Tradition mentions an individual from the island of Hawai'i named Kalaunuiohua who nearly succeeded in conquering the entire island chain at one time. 4/ Usually, however, Maui controlled the neighboring islands of Moloka'i, Laha'i, and Kaho'olawe, with Hawai'i and O'ahu as separate units, and Kaua'i controlling neighboring Ni'ihau. The greatest contrasts in speech within Hawaiian are between

*/ Mr. Kimura uses the term "Hawaiian" in the same way that "native Hawaiian" is used in the majority of this Report; that is, to signify those persons who have any amount of the blood of those who inhabited the Hawaiian Islands prior to 1778.

-p174-
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