Difference between revisions of "Template:Nhsc-v1-99"

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Health And Social Services
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==Health And Social Services==
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A. INTRODUCTION
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S i n c e a wide v a r i e t y of h e a l th
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===A. INTRODUCTION===
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s t a t i s t i c s for n a t i v e H a w a i i a n s and
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f o r the S t a t e of Hawaii were p r e s e n t ed
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Since a wide variety of health statistics for native Hawaiians and for the State of Hawaii were presented in the previous chapter, they will not be repeated here. Instead, this chapter will focus on the historical and cultural background of native Hawaiian health; and the State and federal programs that exist to address the health needs of all residents of the State, as well as programs specifically for native Hawaiians.
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i n the p r e v i o u s c h a p t e r , they w i l l not
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b e r e p e a t e d h e r e . I n s t e a d , t h is
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The Hawaii State Health Department administers a wide range of programs emphasizing health maintenance and promotion, risk reduction, and preventive services. <u>1</u>/ Total
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c h a p t e r w i l l focus on the h i s t o r i c a l
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expenditures by the Department for the
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and c u l t u r a l background of n a t i ve
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fiscal year ending June 30, 1980, were
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Hawaiian h e a l t h ; and the S t a t e and
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$116,368,576. The Federal Government provided 12.1 percent of this amount,
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f e d e r a l p r o g r a n s t h a t e x i s t to a d d r e ss
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or $14,055,526. The various programs
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t h e h e a l t h needs of a l l r e s i d e n t s of
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available to address health needs are
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t h e S t a t e , as well as programs
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described below. Descriptions include
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s p e c i f i c a l l y for n a t i v e H a w a i i a n s,
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the services provided, the community
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The Hawaii S t a t e H e a l t h D e p a r t m e nt
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served, and the problems encountered.
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a d m i n i s t e r s a wide range of programs
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e m p h a s i z i n g h e a l t h m a i n t e n a n c e and
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===B. HISTORICAL AND CULTURAL BACKGROUND===
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p r o n o t i o n , r i s k r e d u c t i o n , and p r e v
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e n t i v e s e r v i c e s . 1/ Total
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Critical historical events and unique cultural features influencing
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e x p e n d i t u r e s by t h e D e p a r t m e n t for the
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the health and illness of native
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f i s c a l year e n d i n g June 30, 1980, were
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Hawaiians are conveniently considered
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$ 1 1 6 , 3 6 8 , 5 7 6 . The F e d e r a l Government
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in three periods: before contact with
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.-jrovided 1 2 . 1 p e r c e n t cf t h i s amount,
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the non-Polynesian world; contact,
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o r 5 1 4 , 0 5 5 , 5 2 6 . The v a r i o u s programs
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beginning with Captain James Cook in
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a v a i l a b l e to a d d r e s s h e a l t h needs a re
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1778 to the overthrow of the monarchy
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d e s c r i b e d below. D e s c r i p t i o n s i n c l u de
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in 1893; and the end of the kinqdom to
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the s e r v i c e s p r o v i d e d , the community
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the present.
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s e r v e d , and the problems e n c o u n t e r e d.
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B. HISTORICAL AND CULTURAL
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====Pre-contact (Ancient to 1778)====
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BACKGROUND
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r i t i c a l h i s t o r i c a l e v e n t s and
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=====Health and Illness=====
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u n i q u e c u l t u r a l f e a t u r e s i n f l u e n c i ng
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*/ The f o l l o w i n o s e c t i o n on
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Prior to and at the same time of
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h i s t o r i c a l and c u l t u r a l background is
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the arrival of Captain Cook in January
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a complete r e p r o d u c t i o n of a s e c t i on
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1778, the Hawaiians of old were generally healthy because they had adapted effectively to island
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of the paper p r e p a r e d by R i c h a rd
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ecosystems about them, and they had
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Kekuni B l a i s d e l i , M.D., e n t i t l e d:
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lived in isolation from the rest of
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" H e a l t h S e c t i o n of N a t i v e Hawaiians
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the planet for over 500 years. <u>2</u>/
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S t ' i d y Commission R e p o r t " (pages 1
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Gene strength was evident in a
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t h r o u g h 18, F e b r u a r y , 1983), w r i t t en
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flourishing population of an estimated
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a t the d i r e c t i o n of and funded by t he
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300,000 at the time of Captain Cook.
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O f f i c e of Hawaiian A f f a i r s . Dr.
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<u>3</u>/ These were descendants of perhaps
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B l a i s d e l i is a P r o f e s s o r in the
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one hundred hardy, first settlers who
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U n i v e r s i t y of H a w a i i ' s Medical S c h o o l.
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had arrived more than 1,000 years
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Minor e d i t o r i a l ~hangps have been made
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previously from the South Pacific,
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t o cor.lorrr to t h e F i r : a l R e p o r t 's
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after braving over 2,000 miles of open
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f o r m a t , and the f o o t n o t e s have been
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sea in double-hulled canoes. Some
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r e d e s i g n a t e d for the c o n v e n i e n c e of
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gene weakness was possible because of
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t h e h e a l t h a:id i l l n e s s of n a t i ve
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H a w a i i a n s are c o n v e n i e n t l y c o n s i d e r ed
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{{break}}
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i n t h r e e p e r i o d s : before c o n t a c t with
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<u>*</u>/ The following section on
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t h e n o n - P o l y n e s i a n w o r l d ; c o n t a c t,
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historical and cultural background is
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b e g i n n i n g w i t h C a p t a i n James Cook in
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a complete reproduction of a section
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1778 to t h e o v e r t h r o w of the monarchy
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of the paper prepared by Richard
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i n 1893; and the end of the kinqdom to
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Kekuni Blaisdell, M.D., entitled:
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t h e p r e s e n t,
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"Health Section of Native Hawaiians
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P r e - c o n t a c t ( A n c i e n t to 17 78)
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Study Commission Report" (pages 1
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H e a l t h and I l l n e ss
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through 18, February , 1983), written at the direction of and funded by the Office of Hawaiian Affairs. Dr.
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P r i o r to and at the same time of
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Blaisdell is a Professor in the
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t h e a r r i v a l of C a p t a i n Cook in J a n u a ry
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University of Hawaii's Medical School.
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1778, the H a w a i i a n s of old wer>-
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Minor editorial changes have been made
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g e n e r a l l y h e a l t h y b e c a u s e they had
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to conform to the Final Report's
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a d a p t e d e f f e c t i v e l y to i s l a nd
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format, and the footnotes have been
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e c o s y s t e m s about them, and they had
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redesignated for the convenience of
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l i v e d in i s o l a t i o n from the r e s t of
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the reader. Except for
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t h e p l a n e t for over 500 y e a r s . 2/
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these changes, the section of Dr.
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Gene s t r e n q t l i was e v i d e n t in a
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Blaisdell's paper appears as submitted
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f l o u r i s h i n g p o p u l a t i o n of an e s t i m a t ed
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by OHA and is otherwise unchanged.
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3 0 0 , 0 0 0 at the time of C a p t a i n Cook.
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The second part of Dr. Blaisdell's
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_3_/ These were d e s c e n d a n t s of p e r h a ps
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paper, "Health Profile," is not
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one hundred h a r d y , f i r s t s e t t l e r s who
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included here--it is consistent with
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had a r r i v e d more than 1,000 y e a rs
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the health data presented in the
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p r e v i o u s l y from the South P a c i f i c,
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"Demographics" chapter of this Report
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a f t e r b r a v i n g over 2,000 m i l e s cf open
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which incorporates previous comments
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s e a in d o u b i e - h u l i e d c a n o e s . Some
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submitted to the Commission by Dr.
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g e n e weakness was p o s s i b l e b e c a u s e of
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Blaisdell. Dr. Blaisdell's entire
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( c o n t ' d ) the r e a d e r . Except fgr
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paper is reproduced in the Appendix of
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t h e s e c h a n g e s , the s e c t i o n of Or.
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this Report and
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B l a i s d e l l ' s p a p e r a p p e a r s as s u b m i t t ed
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are marked with "[1]" in the "List of References."
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by OHA and is o t h e r w i s e u n c h a n g e d.
 
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The second p a r t of Dr. B l a i s d e l l 's
 
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p a p e r , " H e a l t h P r o f i l e , " is not
 
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i n c l u d e d h e r e - - i t i s c o n s i s t e n t with
 
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t h e h e a l t h d a t a p r e s e n t e d in the
 
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" D e m o g r a p h i c s " c h a p t e r of t h i s Report
 
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which i n c o r p o r a t e s p r e v i o u s comments
 
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s u b m i t t e d to the Commission by "T .
 
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B l a i s d e l i . Dr. b l a i s d e l l ' s e n t i re
 
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ed in the Appendix of
 
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:he r e f e r e n c e s he used
 
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p a p e r is reprodu
 
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t h i s Report and
 
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a r e marked w i t h " [ 1 ) " in the "Li'
 
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R e f e r e n c e s . "t
 
 
{{p|99}}
 
{{p|99}}

Latest revision as of 18:13, 29 March 2006

Health And Social Services

A. INTRODUCTION

Since a wide variety of health statistics for native Hawaiians and for the State of Hawaii were presented in the previous chapter, they will not be repeated here. Instead, this chapter will focus on the historical and cultural background of native Hawaiian health; and the State and federal programs that exist to address the health needs of all residents of the State, as well as programs specifically for native Hawaiians.

The Hawaii State Health Department administers a wide range of programs emphasizing health maintenance and promotion, risk reduction, and preventive services. 1/ Total expenditures by the Department for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1980, were $116,368,576. The Federal Government provided 12.1 percent of this amount, or $14,055,526. The various programs available to address health needs are described below. Descriptions include the services provided, the community served, and the problems encountered.

B. HISTORICAL AND CULTURAL BACKGROUND

Critical historical events and unique cultural features influencing the health and illness of native Hawaiians are conveniently considered in three periods: before contact with the non-Polynesian world; contact, beginning with Captain James Cook in 1778 to the overthrow of the monarchy in 1893; and the end of the kinqdom to the present.

Pre-contact (Ancient to 1778)

Health and Illness

Prior to and at the same time of the arrival of Captain Cook in January 1778, the Hawaiians of old were generally healthy because they had adapted effectively to island ecosystems about them, and they had lived in isolation from the rest of the planet for over 500 years. 2/ Gene strength was evident in a flourishing population of an estimated 300,000 at the time of Captain Cook. 3/ These were descendants of perhaps one hundred hardy, first settlers who had arrived more than 1,000 years previously from the South Pacific, after braving over 2,000 miles of open sea in double-hulled canoes. Some gene weakness was possible because of

*/ The following section on historical and cultural background is a complete reproduction of a section of the paper prepared by Richard Kekuni Blaisdell, M.D., entitled: "Health Section of Native Hawaiians Study Commission Report" (pages 1 through 18, February , 1983), written at the direction of and funded by the Office of Hawaiian Affairs. Dr. Blaisdell is a Professor in the University of Hawaii's Medical School. Minor editorial changes have been made to conform to the Final Report's format, and the footnotes have been redesignated for the convenience of the reader. Except for these changes, the section of Dr. Blaisdell's paper appears as submitted by OHA and is otherwise unchanged. The second part of Dr. Blaisdell's paper, "Health Profile," is not included here--it is consistent with the health data presented in the "Demographics" chapter of this Report which incorporates previous comments submitted to the Commission by Dr. Blaisdell. Dr. Blaisdell's entire paper is reproduced in the Appendix of this Report and are marked with "[1]" in the "List of References."

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