Difference between revisions of "Template:Nhsc-v1-164"

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of the t r e a t y . " 84/ Spalding's report
+
of the treaty." <u>84</u>/ Spalding's report
 
probably had some, although not major,
 
probably had some, although not major,
−
influence on the t r e a t y ' s rejection by
+
influence on the treaty's rejection by
−
the U.S. Congress. 85/
+
the U.S. Congress. <u>85</u>/
−
Plight of the People
+
 
−
As a result of the c o n s t i t u t i o n al
+
===<u>Plight of the People</u>===
 +
 
 +
As a result of the constitutional
 
developments described above, native
 
developments described above, native
 
Hawaiian men had the right to vote for
 
Hawaiian men had the right to vote for
 
the members of the kingdom's house of
 
the members of the kingdom's house of
−
r e p r e s e n t a t i v e s . They did not,
+
representatives. They did not,
 
however, share in the growing
 
however, share in the growing
 
prosperity of the kingdom.
 
prosperity of the kingdom.
−
The native population continued i ts
+
 
 +
The native population continued its
 
precipitous decline. Liholiho singled
 
precipitous decline. Liholiho singled
 
out the problem of the decrease in the
 
out the problem of the decrease in the
 
native population in his speech
 
native population in his speech
−
opening the l e g i s l a t u r e in 1855. He
+
opening the legislature in 1855. He
 
suggested a two-fold attack on the
 
suggested a two-fold attack on the
 
problem: reduction in loss caused by
 
problem: reduction in loss caused by
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Polynesian immigrants to reinforce and
 
Polynesian immigrants to reinforce and
 
reinvigorate the Hawaiian stock. The
 
reinvigorate the Hawaiian stock. The
−
l a t t e r plan was eventually accomplished
+
latter plan was eventually accomplished
 
through labor immigration,
 
through labor immigration,
 
although it was not always to the
 
although it was not always to the
−
s a t i s f a c t i o n of the native Hawaiians,
+
satisfaction of the native Hawaiians,
 
as noted above.
 
as noted above.
 +
 
To improve the economic well-being
 
To improve the economic well-being
 
of the native Hawaiians, efforts were
 
of the native Hawaiians, efforts were
 
made by Kings Kamehameha IV and V to
 
made by Kings Kamehameha IV and V to
−
i n t e r e s t them in the growing
+
interest them in the growing
−
a g r i c u l t u r a l industry. Some native
+
agricultural industry. Some native
 
Hawaiians did grow potatoes, but the
 
Hawaiians did grow potatoes, but the
 
potato as a cash crop did not survive
 
potato as a cash crop did not survive
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in encouraging greater production from
 
in encouraging greater production from
 
Hawaiians. Growing sugar required
 
Hawaiians. Growing sugar required
−
l a r g e - s c a l e operations and was
+
large-scale operations and was
 
monopolized by Americans. The native
 
monopolized by Americans. The native
 
Hawaiians did not share the white
 
Hawaiians did not share the white
 
man's view of the future in terms of
 
man's view of the future in terms of
−
p r o f i t and loss, and the result was
+
profit and loss, and the result was
 
that the native population existed on
 
that the native population existed on
 
the fringes of the impending economic
 
the fringes of the impending economic
 
boom.
 
boom.
−
Constitutional Change
+
 
 +
===<u>Constitutional Change</u>===
 +
 
 
On the death of Liholiho on
 
On the death of Liholiho on
 
November 30, 1863, his older brother
 
November 30, 1863, his older brother
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predecessor, Kamehameha V did not take
 
predecessor, Kamehameha V did not take
 
the oath to uphold the kingdom's
 
the oath to uphold the kingdom's
−
c o n s t i t u t i o n , promulgated in 1852.
+
constitution, promulgated in 1852.
−
Even during the reign of l i h o l i h o,
+
 
−
the king and his advisors had attej •--
+
Even during the reign of Liholiho,
−
ted to amend the Constitutirr: of lc,52.
+
the king and his advisors had attempted
 +
to amend the Constitution of 1852.
 
The most objectionable features of the
 
The most objectionable features of the
−
l a t t e r included the existence of the
+
latter included the existence of the
−
office of the kuhina nui, the power of
+
office of the <u>kuhina nui</u>, the power of
 
the privy council, universal male
 
the privy council, universal male
 
suffrage, and the absence of property
 
suffrage, and the absence of property
−
q u a l i f i c a t i o n s for members of the
+
qualifications for members of the
 
House of Representatives.
 
House of Representatives.
 +
 
King Kamehameha V believed that the
 
King Kamehameha V believed that the
 
Constitution of 1852 was far in
 
Constitution of 1852 was far in
 
advance of the needs of the people,
 
advance of the needs of the people,
 
and he called a convention to draft a
 
and he called a convention to draft a
−
new c o n s t i t u t i o n . When the convention
+
new constitution. When the convention
 
deadlocked on the question of property
 
deadlocked on the question of property
−
q u a l i f i c a t i o n s , the kinq adjourned the
+
qualifications, the king adjourned the
 
convention, abrogated the old
 
convention, abrogated the old
−
c o n s t i t u t i o n and promulgated a new one
+
constitution and promulgated a new one
−
a week l a t e r . The principal chanqes
+
a week later. The principal changes
 
embodied in the Constitution of 1864
 
embodied in the Constitution of 1864
 
were:
 
were:
−
• The office of kuhina nui was
+
 
−
abolished;
+
:*The office of <u>kuhina nui</u> was abolished;
−
• The powers of the privy council
+
 
−
were curtailed, while the
+
:*The powers of the privy council were curtailed, while the administrative powers of the king and cabinet were strengthened;
−
administrative powers of the
+
 
−
king and cabinet were
+
:*The nobles and people's representatives would sit together as the legislative assembly; and
−
strengthened;
+
 
−
• The nobles and people's
+
:*There would be property qualifications for the representatives and property and educational qualifications for voters.
−
representatives would s it
 
−
together as the l e g i s l a t i ve
 
−
assembly; and
 
−
• There would be property
 
−
q u a l i f i c a t i o n s for the
 
−
representatives and property
 
−
and educational qualifications
 
−
for voters.
 
 
{{p|164}}
 
{{p|164}}

Latest revision as of 01:02, 8 April 2006

of the treaty." 84/ Spalding's report probably had some, although not major, influence on the treaty's rejection by the U.S. Congress. 85/

Plight of the People

As a result of the constitutional developments described above, native Hawaiian men had the right to vote for the members of the kingdom's house of representatives. They did not, however, share in the growing prosperity of the kingdom.

The native population continued its precipitous decline. Liholiho singled out the problem of the decrease in the native population in his speech opening the legislature in 1855. He suggested a two-fold attack on the problem: reduction in loss caused by disease, and encouragement of Polynesian immigrants to reinforce and reinvigorate the Hawaiian stock. The latter plan was eventually accomplished through labor immigration, although it was not always to the satisfaction of the native Hawaiians, as noted above.

To improve the economic well-being of the native Hawaiians, efforts were made by Kings Kamehameha IV and V to interest them in the growing agricultural industry. Some native Hawaiians did grow potatoes, but the potato as a cash crop did not survive long. The Native Hawaiian Agricultural Society was set up in 1856, but it was not very successful in encouraging greater production from Hawaiians. Growing sugar required large-scale operations and was monopolized by Americans. The native Hawaiians did not share the white man's view of the future in terms of profit and loss, and the result was that the native population existed on the fringes of the impending economic boom.

Constitutional Change

On the death of Liholiho on November 30, 1863, his older brother (Prince Lot) succeeded to the throne as Kamehameha V. Unlike his predecessor, Kamehameha V did not take the oath to uphold the kingdom's constitution, promulgated in 1852.

Even during the reign of Liholiho, the king and his advisors had attempted to amend the Constitution of 1852. The most objectionable features of the latter included the existence of the office of the kuhina nui, the power of the privy council, universal male suffrage, and the absence of property qualifications for members of the House of Representatives.

King Kamehameha V believed that the Constitution of 1852 was far in advance of the needs of the people, and he called a convention to draft a new constitution. When the convention deadlocked on the question of property qualifications, the king adjourned the convention, abrogated the old constitution and promulgated a new one a week later. The principal changes embodied in the Constitution of 1864 were:

  • The office of kuhina nui was abolished;
  • The powers of the privy council were curtailed, while the administrative powers of the king and cabinet were strengthened;
  • The nobles and people's representatives would sit together as the legislative assembly; and
  • There would be property qualifications for the representatives and property and educational qualifications for voters.
-p164-
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