Difference between revisions of "Template:Nhsc-v1-272"

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"Kalakaua was ordered to cease and
 
"Kalakaua was ordered to cease and
 
desist from all inflammatory acts in
 
desist from all inflammatory acts in
other territories." 54/
+
other territories." <u>54</u>/
 +
 
 
The damage to Kalakaua had been
 
The damage to Kalakaua had been
 
done. The opposition had had enough
 
done. The opposition had had enough
Line 16: Line 17:
 
overthrow the monarchy and establish a
 
overthrow the monarchy and establish a
 
republic or seek annexation to the
 
republic or seek annexation to the
United States." 55/ The membership,
+
United States." <u>55</u>/ The membership,
 
numbering about 400, was led by ruling
 
numbering about 400, was led by ruling
 
officers called the "Committee of
 
officers called the "Committee of
Line 25: Line 26:
 
Hawaiian League] intended to dethrone
 
Hawaiian League] intended to dethrone
 
Kalakaua—and that it had the armed
 
Kalakaua—and that it had the armed
might to do so." 56/
+
might to do so." <u>56</u>/
Events Leading to the 1887
+
 
Constitution 57/
+
===<u>Events Leading to the 1887 Constitution<u> <u>57</u>/===
 +
 
 
The Hawaiian League acquired the
 
The Hawaiian League acquired the
 
Honolulu Rifles as a military ally in
 
Honolulu Rifles as a military ally in
 
1887. The Honolulu Rifles company:
 
1887. The Honolulu Rifles company:
...was organized in the spring of
+
 
1884 by a group of men reported to
+
:...was organized in the spring of 1884 by a group of men reported to be "interested in the formation of a semi-military and social organization." It had the approval of the cabinet and of Kalakaua, who suggested the name for the company, and it became one of the recognized volunteer military companies of the kingdom. It was an all-<u>haole</u> company, and made its first public appearance on April 26, 1885...The early enthusiasm [for it] soon waned and the Rifles attained relatively little prominence or importance until after Volney V. Ashford was elected captain on July 28, 1886. <u>58</u>/
be "interested in the formation of
+
 
a semi-military and social organization."
 
It had the approval of
 
the cabinet and of Kalakaua, who
 
suggested the name for the company,
 
and it became one of the
 
recognized volunteer military
 
companies of the kingdom. It was
 
an all-haole company, and made its
 
first public appearance on April
 
26, 1885...The early enthusiasm
 
[for it] soon waned and the Rifles
 
attained relatively little
 
prominence or importance until
 
after Volney V. Ashford was
 
elected captain on July 28, 1886.
 
58/
 
 
The Rifles went through various
 
The Rifles went through various
 
reorganizations and added members to
 
reorganizations and added members to
Line 58: Line 44:
 
battalion of three companies commanded
 
battalion of three companies commanded
 
by Lieutenant Colonel Volney V.
 
by Lieutenant Colonel Volney V.
Ashford." 59/ Ashford, with his
+
Ashford." <u>59</u>/ Ashford, with his
 
decided military bent and one of the
 
decided military bent and one of the
 
Hawaiian League's future radicals, was
 
Hawaiian League's future radicals, was
 
a Canadian who came to Hawaii about
 
a Canadian who came to Hawaii about
 
the beginning of 1885.
 
the beginning of 1885.
 +
 
It is impossible to ascertain the
 
It is impossible to ascertain the
 
exact date that the Honolulu Rifles
 
exact date that the Honolulu Rifles
Line 79: Line 66:
 
commander, Colonel V. V. Ashford,
 
commander, Colonel V. V. Ashford,
 
becoming an enthusiastic advocate of
 
becoming an enthusiastic advocate of
its plans." 60/ Kuykendall states
+
its plans." <u>60</u>/ Kuykendall states
 
that: "in all probability it was not a
 
that: "in all probability it was not a
 
mere coincidence that the rapid
 
mere coincidence that the rapid
 
expansion of the Honolulu Rifles
 
expansion of the Honolulu Rifles
 
occurred simultaneously with that of
 
occurred simultaneously with that of
the Hawaiian League." 61/
+
the Hawaiian League." <u>61</u>/
 +
 
 
Because the Hawaiian League was a
 
Because the Hawaiian League was a
 
secret organization, its origins and
 
secret organization, its origins and
Line 95: Line 83:
 
events which they describe; Dole's in
 
events which they describe; Dole's in
 
1916, Ashford's in 1919, and
 
1916, Ashford's in 1919, and
272
+
{{p|272}}

Revision as of 23:34, 23 April 2006

that Hawaii not interfere. The U.S. State Department took action and "Kalakaua was ordered to cease and desist from all inflammatory acts in other territories." 54/

The damage to Kalakaua had been done. The opposition had had enough of his conduct and his over-spending. The Hawaiian League was formed in December 1886, consisting of reformers and part-Hawaiians. The goals of this secret opposition group were divergent; "the conservative members simply wanted to force Gibson out of office, while the radicals wanted to overthrow the monarchy and establish a republic or seek annexation to the United States." 55/ The membership, numbering about 400, was led by ruling officers called the "Committee of Thirteen." These leaders included Sanford Dole, Lorrin Thurston, W. R. Castle, and others who "announced, in Honolulu's newspapers, that it [the Hawaiian League] intended to dethrone Kalakaua—and that it had the armed might to do so." 56/

Events Leading to the 1887 Constitution<u> <u>57/

The Hawaiian League acquired the Honolulu Rifles as a military ally in 1887. The Honolulu Rifles company:

...was organized in the spring of 1884 by a group of men reported to be "interested in the formation of a semi-military and social organization." It had the approval of the cabinet and of Kalakaua, who suggested the name for the company, and it became one of the recognized volunteer military companies of the kingdom. It was an all-haole company, and made its first public appearance on April 26, 1885...The early enthusiasm [for it] soon waned and the Rifles attained relatively little prominence or importance until after Volney V. Ashford was elected captain on July 28, 1886. 58/

The Rifles went through various reorganizations and added members to their totals so that "at the end of June [1887], therefore, when the political crisis came to a head, the Honolulu Rifles consisted of a battalion of three companies commanded by Lieutenant Colonel Volney V. Ashford." 59/ Ashford, with his decided military bent and one of the Hawaiian League's future radicals, was a Canadian who came to Hawaii about the beginning of 1885.

It is impossible to ascertain the exact date that the Honolulu Rifles joined the Hawaiian League as their military ally. What is known is that Volney Ashford was their commander when the alliance occurred. Sanford Dole, an original member of the Hawaiian League, described the Rifles and their alliance with the League as follows: "A military organization of volunteers, young men of Honolulu, in several companies, a growth from the original Honolulu Rifles, was won to the support of the league, the commander, Colonel V. V. Ashford, becoming an enthusiastic advocate of its plans." 60/ Kuykendall states that: "in all probability it was not a mere coincidence that the rapid expansion of the Honolulu Rifles occurred simultaneously with that of the Hawaiian League." 61/

Because the Hawaiian League was a secret organization, its origins and early history can only be found in papers of its original members, who played an active part in the League. There are only three published accounts of the League, and "these accounts were written long after the events which they describe; Dole's in 1916, Ashford's in 1919, and

-p272-