Difference between revisions of "Template:Nhsc-v1-483"

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Summary Of Findings, Conclusions
+
=Summary Of Findings, Conclusions And Recommendations *=
And Recommendations *
 
 
As traced in the legislative
 
As traced in the legislative
 
history of measures preceding the
 
history of measures preceding the
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Study Commission (NHSC), the
 
Study Commission (NHSC), the
 
Congress wished to be advised about:
 
Congress wished to be advised about:
1) whether a wrong had been committed
+
 
by the United States
+
: 1) whether a wrong had been committed by the United States against the Native Hawaiian people; and
against the Native Hawaiian
+
 
people; and
+
: 2) what appropriate actions could be recommended to remedy such a wrong.
2) what appropriate actions
+
 
could be recommended to remedy
 
such a wrong.
 
 
It is the major finding of this
 
It is the major finding of this
 
Commission, after an examination of
 
Commission, after an examination of
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Native Hawaiians are consequences of
 
Native Hawaiians are consequences of
 
that wrong.
 
that wrong.
Nature of the Wrong. After a review
+
 
 +
<u>Nature of the Wrong.</u> After a review
 
of the documents and on-hand descriptions
 
of the documents and on-hand descriptions
 
of the actions and events which
 
of the actions and events which
 
culminated in the overthrow of the
 
culminated in the overthrow of the
 
Kinqdom of Hawai'i, we find that:
 
Kinqdom of Hawai'i, we find that:
*
+
 
the United States, and its
+
* the United States, and its officers in the State and Navy Departments, did incite and encourage treason against the legitimate government of the Kingdom of Hawai'i;
officers in the State and Navy
+
 
Departments, did incite and
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* American diplomatic and military authorization of support to a numerically-small band of insurgents emboldened and, ultimately, directed their actions against the legal government of Hawai'i in 1893;
encourage treason against the
+
 
legitimate government of the
+
* this domestic insurgence against the Queen and her government lacked popular support, did not have sufficient arms to succeed unaided, and would have failed without the acts of the United States;
Kingdom of Hawai'i;
+
 
American diplomatic and
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* the diplomatic and military intervention of the United States in support of the insurgents contituted a breech of international law, of existing treaties of friendship and trade with the Kingdom, and was an illegal and immoral act of war against an independent nation and her people; and
military authorization of
+
 
support to a numerically-small
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* these actions by the United States compelled the Queen of Hawai'i to suspend her authority and that of her government to the United States, pending appropriate review.
band of insurgents emboldened
+
 
and, ultimately, directed their
+
===RECOMMENDATION #1===
actions against the legal
+
Based on these findings, we recommend
government of Hawai'i in 1893;
+
that:
this domestic insurgence
+
 
against the Queen and her
+
* the Congress of the United States, by Joint Resolution, clearly acknowledge the role and actions of the United States in the overthrow of the Kingdom of Hawai'i, and indicate its commitment to grant restitution for the losses and
government lacked popular
+
{{break}}
support, did not have
 
sufficient arms to succeed
 
unaided, and would have failed
 
without the acts of the United
 
States;
 
the diplomatic and military
 
intervention of the United
 
States in support of the
 
insurgents contituted a breech
 
of international law, of existing
 
treaties of friendship and
 
trade with the Kingdom, and was
 
an illegal and immoral act of
 
war against an independent
 
nation and her people; and
 
these actions by the United
 
States compelled the Queen of
 
Hawai'i to suspend her
 
authority and that of her
 
government to the United
 
States, pending appropriate
 
review.
 
 
*/ This is the substitute
 
*/ This is the substitute
 
presented at the March 3, 1983 meeting
 
presented at the March 3, 1983 meeting
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and Methodology"). It is reproduced
 
and Methodology"). It is reproduced
 
here unchanged.
 
here unchanged.
RECOMMENDATION #1
+
{{p|483}}
Based on these findings, we recommend
 
that:
 
the Congress of the United
 
States, by Joint Resolution,
 
clearly acknowledge the role
 
and actions of the United
 
States in the overthrow of the
 
Kingdom of Hawai'i, and indicate
 
its commitment to grant
 
restitution for the losses and
 
483
 

Latest revision as of 11:29, 21 July 2006

Summary Of Findings, Conclusions And Recommendations *

As traced in the legislative history of measures preceding the establishment of the Native Hawaiians Study Commission (NHSC), the Congress wished to be advised about:

1) whether a wrong had been committed by the United States against the Native Hawaiian people; and
2) what appropriate actions could be recommended to remedy such a wrong.

It is the major finding of this Commission, after an examination of available governmental and historical records, that such a wrong did occur. The overthrow of the Kingdom of Hawai'i, the loss of Native Hawaiian domain and dominion, and accompanying social and cultural disruption among Native Hawaiians are consequences of that wrong.

Nature of the Wrong. After a review of the documents and on-hand descriptions of the actions and events which culminated in the overthrow of the Kinqdom of Hawai'i, we find that:

  • the United States, and its officers in the State and Navy Departments, did incite and encourage treason against the legitimate government of the Kingdom of Hawai'i;
  • American diplomatic and military authorization of support to a numerically-small band of insurgents emboldened and, ultimately, directed their actions against the legal government of Hawai'i in 1893;
  • this domestic insurgence against the Queen and her government lacked popular support, did not have sufficient arms to succeed unaided, and would have failed without the acts of the United States;
  • the diplomatic and military intervention of the United States in support of the insurgents contituted a breech of international law, of existing treaties of friendship and trade with the Kingdom, and was an illegal and immoral act of war against an independent nation and her people; and
  • these actions by the United States compelled the Queen of Hawai'i to suspend her authority and that of her government to the United States, pending appropriate review.

RECOMMENDATION #1

Based on these findings, we recommend that:

  • the Congress of the United States, by Joint Resolution, clearly acknowledge the role and actions of the United States in the overthrow of the Kingdom of Hawai'i, and indicate its commitment to grant restitution for the losses and

  • / This is the substitute

presented at the March 3, 1983 meeting of the Native Hawaiians Study Commission by three Native Hawaiians Study Commissioners (see above, "Approach and Methodology"). It is reproduced here unchanged.

-p483-