NHSC Federal Responses To The Unique Needs Of Native Hawaiians

Federal Responses To The Unique Needs Of Native Hawaiians

The preceding two chapters have analyzed and reviewed two suggested federal responses to the unique needs of native Hawaiians. The chapter entitled "Existing Law, Native Hawaiians, and Compensation" concludes that the response of compensation for any possible loss of land or sovereignty is not available under present law. The "Review of Hawaiian Homes Commission Programs" reviews the Hawaiian Home Lands program, including ways to ensure better administration of the program. This chapter sets forth other federal responses that are available or being undertaken.

A. IDENTIFICATION OF FEDERAL PROGRAMS FOR WHICH NATIVE HAWAIIANS MAY BE ELIGIBLE

The Federal Government sponsors a vast array of programs administered through a large number of agencies. Five federal programs specifically assist native Hawaiians. 1/ These are: Title VII of the Native Americans Program Act; 2/ Title III of the Comprehensive Employment and Training Act; 3/ the American Indian Religious Freedoms Act; 4/ the Mental Health Systems Act; 5/ and the Hawaiian Homes Commission Act of 1921. 6/

The section that follows lists a representative sample of existing federal programs that meet some of the needs of native Hawaiians that have been identified in this Report. Information on the majority of the federal programs listed on the following pages (except where otherwise noted) was obtained from the 1982 edition of the Catalog of Federal Domestic Assistance. [The next edition of the Catalog is scheduled to be released on July 1, 1983.] The Catalog is a Government-wide compendium of federal programs, projects, services, and activities that provide assistance or benefits to the American public. It contains financial and non-financial assistance programs administered by departments and establishments of the Federal Government, and is published annually by the Federal Government. As the basic reference source of Federal programs, the primary purpose of the Catalog is to assist users in identifying the programs that meet specific objectives of the potential applicant, and to obtain general information on federal assistance programs.

The following list is not meant to be exhaustive—the Catalog itself contains hundreds of programs that may be of use to individual native Hawaiians. The list is meant to be indicative, however, of the range of Federal Government programs now available that may meet some of the needs of native Hawaiians. The numbers following the program title are the reference numbers used in the Catalog.

Education: Elementary and Secondary

Compensatory Education for the Disadvantaged; Chapter 1 Grants to Local Educational Agencies */

Description of Grant Process:

Authorization for Basic Grants are computed for States and counties by multiplying the number of children 5-17 years of age from low-income families by 40 percent of the State's average per pupil expenditure (but not less than 80 percent nor more than 120 percent of the national average). These children include: (1) children in families with incomes below the poverty level (1980 census data but

*/ Information on this program obtained from the Office of Management and Budget, February 1983.

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using the definition of poverty used in compiling the 1970 census); (2) children in families receiving AFDC payments in excess of the poverty level for a non-farm family of four (updated annually); (3) neglected or delinquent children residing in institutions which are not State-operated; and (4) foster children supported with public funds. Authorizations are ratably reduced to the appropriated amount. In addition each county is guaranteed an amount which is not less than 85 percent of the amount received in the previous year.

One-haIf of the funds appropriated for the basic Chapter 1 program in excess of the amount appropriated for school year 1978-79 will be allocated to the States and counties on the basis 'of the number of children from families below 50 percent of the median national income for four-person families, as determined by the 1975 Survey of Income and Education. Within States, each local educational agency will receive an amount based on its percentage of the State's basic Chapter 1 allocation.

Definition of Eligibility: Local educational agencies (LEAs) are eligible to receive funds under this program. Individuals must be educationally disadvantaged to receive services. The LEA determines this.

Educationally-Deprived Children—State Administration (84.012)

Office of Assistant Secretary for Elementary and Secondary Education, Department of Education.

Objectives: To provide financial assistance to State educational agencies to meet the special needs of educationally-deprived children.

Types of Assistance: Formula Grants.

Head Start */

Head Start provides comprehensive developmental services designed to improve the quality of life for children and their families. Intended primarily for preschoolers from low-income families, the program seeks to foster the development of children and to enable them to deal more effectively with both their present environment and later responsibilities in school and community life. Head Start programs emphasize cognitive and language development, socio-economic development, physical and mental health, and parent involvement, to enable each child to develop and function at his or her highest potential. At least ten percent of enrollment opportunities in each State are made available to handicapped children.

Head Start provides a variety of learning experiences that lay the framework for success in elementary school. Head Start children receive comprehensive health services, including immunizations and physical and dental exams and treatment, and hot meals to help meet daily nutritional needs. The program also emphasizes significant involvement of the children's parents in their early childhood development. Technical assistance and training activities are provided to local program staff to enhance the quality and effectiveness of the services offered. Grants to carry out Head Start are awarded to public and private non-profit agencies. Head Start's legislation includes a formula that determines basic State allocations. The two factors in the formula are the relative number of poor children and the number of recipients of Aid to Families with Dependent Children in each State as compared to all States.

*/ Information on this program obtained from Commissioner Carl Anderson, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.

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In FY 1982 five local Head Start projects were funded in Hawaii. Comprehensive child development services were provided to 11,010 children for a total of $3,190,180 Head Start dollars. Approximately 2,092 staff are employed.

Higher Education: Adult and Vocational Education

Special Services for Disadvantaged Students (84.042)

Office of Assistant Secretary for Postsecondary Education, Department of Education.

Objectives: To identify qualified low-income, first-generation college students or physically-handicapped students, who are enrolled or accepted for enrollment by institutions that are recipients of grants, and to provide supportive services for these students who are pursuing programs of postsecondary education. (Funds may be used to provide eligible project participants personal and academic counseling, career guidance, tutoring, instruction in reading, study skills, and mathematics, and to facilitate the entrance of project participants into graduate and professional programs.)

Types of Assistance: Project Grants.

Adult Education—State-Administered Program (84.002)

Office of Assistant Secretary for Vocational and Adult Education, Department of Education.

Objectives: To expand educational opportunities and to encourage the establishment of programs for adult education that will enable educationally-disadvantaged adults to acquire basic skills necessary to function in society, to complete secondary school, and to profit from employment-related training. (Special emphasis is given to programs of instruction in computational skills and in speaking, reading or writing English for those adults who are least educated and most in need of educational assistance.)

Types of Assistance: Formula Grants. (For FY 83, program proposed for funding as part of a consolidated block grant program.)

Vocational Education—Special Programs for the Disadvantaged (84.052)

Office of Assistant Secretary for Vocational and Adult Education, Department of Education.

Objectives: To provide special vocational education programs for persons who have academic, or economic, handicaps and who require special services and assistance in order to enable them to succeed in vocational educational programs.

Types of Assistance: Formula Grants. (Note: This program is proposed for funding as part of a consolidated block grant program.)

Business: Economic Development */

Economic Opportunity Loans for Small Businesses (59.003)

Small Business Administration.

Objectives: To provide loans up to $100,000 with maximum maturity of 15 years, to small businesses owned by

*/ Native-born Hawaiians are considered minorities and are eligible for all minority programs as socially-disadvantaged. However, to receive minority assistance, they must also demonstrate that they are economically disadvantaged. The Small Business Administration has regional offices and a district office is located in Honolulu. [Information obtained from the Office of Management and Budget, February 1983.]

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low-income or socially or economically disadvantaged persons.

Type of Assistance: Direct Loans; Guaranteed/Insured Loans; Advisory Services and Counseling.

Management Assistance to Small Businesses (59.005)

Small Business Administration.

Objectives: To help the prospective as well as the present small business person improve skills to manage and operate a business.

Types of Assistance: Advisory Services and Counseling; Dissemination of Technical Information; Training.

Minority Business Development—Procurement Assistance (59.006)

Small Business Administration.

Objectives: To insure participation of businesses, which are owned and controlled by disadvantaged persons, in Federal contracting and establishing small manufacturing, service and construction concerns that will become independent and self-sustaining in a normal competitive environment.

Types of Assistance: Provision of Specialized Services (Section 8(a) of Small Business Act—SBA enters into procurement contracts with other Federal Agencies and subcontracts to others the performance of contracts SBA has obtained).

Management and Technical Assistance for Disadvantaged Businessmen (Development Assistance Program (59.007)

Small Business Administration.

Objectives: To provide management and technical assistance through public or private organizations to existing or potential businesses that are economically or socially disadvantaged or that are located in areas of high concentration of unemployment or are participants in activities authorized by sections 7(i) and 8(a) of the Small Business Act.

Types of Assistance: Project Grants.

Procurement and Technical Assistance to Small Businesses (59.009)

Small Business Administration.

Objectives: To assure small business a fair share of contracts and subcontracts for Federal Government supplies and services and a fair share of property sold by the Government.

Types of Assistance: Provision for Specialized Services.

Small Business Loans (59.012)

Small Business Administration.

Objectives: To aid small businesses owned by low income individuals or located in areas of high unemployment which are unable to obtain financing in the private credit marketplace, including agricultural enterprises.

Types of Assistance: Direct Loans; Guaranteed/Insured Loans (including Immediate Participation Loans).

Minority Business Development—Management and Technical Assistance (11.800)

Minority Business Development Agency, Department of Commerce.

Objectives: To provide management and technical assistance to minority businesses through use of professional management consulting organizations with proven methods of professional assistance; to increase the availability of capital from public and private sources for the formation and expansion of minority businesses; to increase the level of private sector purchases from minority-owned businesses; to increase the participation of minority entrepreneurs in growth sectors of the economy, including high technology industries.

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Types of Assistance: Project Grants (e.g., State could get funds to provide services to minority businesses).

Administration for Native Americans, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services */

The Administration for Native Americans (ANA) promotes the social and economic self-sufficiency of American Indians, Alaska Natives, and native Hawaiians by encouraging and sponsoring local strategies in economic and social development. ANA defines self-sufficiency as the level of development at which a Native American community can control and internally generate resources to provide for the needs of its members and meet its own short- and long-range social and economic goals.

ANA programs and policies foster a balanced developmental approach at the community level through three major goals: (1) to develop or strengthen tribal governments, local decisionmaking, and Native American leadership; (2) to encourage the development of stable, diversified local economies or economic activities that provide jobs, promote economic well-being, and reduce dependency on welfare services; and (3) to support local control and/or access to health and well-being of people and which are essential to a thriving and self-sufficient community.

ANA efforts in Hawaii for fiscal years 1982 and 1983 consist of discretionary financial assistance grants and interagency agreements. The following grants have been awarded:

• Just over three years ago native Hawaiians on the island of Molokai were given an opportunity to retain agricultural land, provided the land was put to productive use following the phase-out of the pineapple industry on that island. To assist the native Hawaiians to retain their ancestral land the Hikiola Cooperative of Hoolehua was awarded a grant. The ANA grant assistance provided has enabled native Hawaiian products to be marketed competitively; it has improved management, supported effective inventory control of products, and adequate servicing, as well as assured the receipt of technical assistance on modern agricultural techniques. This economic development project will be self-sustaining and will be a major step for the native Hawaiians on Molokai toward social and economic self-sufficiency. Hikiola completed the third year of ANA financial assistance January 31, 1983.
• Alu Like, Inc., has been the principal ANA Hawaiian grantee since 1976 when Hawaiian native organizations first became eligible to receive direct assistance. This statewide grantee has progressed from

*/ Information on these programs obtained from Commissioner Carl Anderson, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.

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conducting needs assessment and long-range planning to becoming a primary mechanism for social and economic development in the native Hawaiian communities. Alu Like currently administers semi-autonomous multi-service island Centers on Oahu, Molokai, Maui, Lanai, Kauai, and Hawaii. It provides technical assistance to community organizations and individuals on a broad range of social and economic endeavors.

• The Office of Hawaiian Affairs (OHA) is an independent agency of the State executive branch yet given the status of an agency in State government with the authority to work with various levels of government. The purpose of the grant to OHA is to establish community mechanisms for accessing human services, and to establish linkages between Hawaiians and servicing agencies. This human services management effort includes a centralized inventory of available agencies providing services to native Hawaiians as well as the identification of service gaps.

Employment Training

Employment and Training—Indians and Native Americans (17.234)

Employment and Training Administration, Department of Labor.

Objectives: To reduce the economic disadvantages among Indians and others of Native American descent [including native Hawaiians] and to advance the economic and social development of such people in accordance with their goals and life styles. [Funds may be utilized fcr employment and training programs and services, including institutional training, on-the-job training, public service employment, work experience, youth employment programs, day care, health care, job search, and relocation and transportation allowances designed to aid the beneficiary to obtain and retain employment.]

Types of Assistance: State will receive 3.3 percent of total amount of block grant for this purpose (above the block grant amount).

Housing: Homebuying/Ownership

Low to Moderate Income Housing Loans (Section 502 Rural Housing Loans) (10.410)

Farmers Home Administration, Department of Agriculture.

Objectives: To assist rural families to obtain decent, safe, and sanitary dwellings and related facilities. (Loans may be used: for construction, repair or purchase of housing; to provide necessary and adequate sewage disposal facilities; for water supply for the applicant and his family; for weatherization; to purchase or install essential equipment which upon installation become part of the real estate; and to buy a site on which to place a dwelling for applicant's own use.)

Types of Assistance: Guaranteed/Insured loans.

Interest Reduction—Homes for Lower Income Families (14.105)

Housing, Department of Housing and Urban Development.

Objectives: To make homeownership more readily available to lower income families by providing interest

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reduction payments on a monthly basis to lenders on behalf of the lower income families. (HUD insures lenders against losses on mortgage loans. These loans may be used to finance the purchase of a new or substantially rehabilitated single-family dwelling or condominium unit approved prior to beginning of construction or beginning of substantial rehabilitation.)

Types of Assistance: Direct Payments for Specified Use; Guaranteed/Insured Loans.

Mortgage Insurance—Homes for Low and Moderate Income Families (14.120)

Housing, Department of Housing and Urban Development.

Objectives: To make homeownership more readily available to families displaced by urban renewal or other government actions as well as other low-income families. (HUD insures lenders against loss on mortgage loans. These loans may be used to finance the purchase of proposed or existing low-cost, one- to four-family housing or the rehabilitation of such housing.)

Types of Assistance: Guaranteed/ Insured Loans.

Low Income Housing—Homeownership Opportunities for Low Income Families (14.147)

Housing, Department of Housing and Urban Development.

Objectives: To provide, through local Public Housing Agencies (PHA's), including Indian Housing Authorities, low-income families with the opportunity for owning their own homes.

Types of Assistance: Direct Payments for Specified Use; Direct Loans.

Housing: Home Improvements and Rental and Cooperative Units

Very-Low Income Housing Repair Loans and Grants (10.417)

Farmers Home Administration, Department of Agriculture.

Objectives: To give very low-income rural homeowners an opportunity to make essential repairs to their homes to make them safe and to remove health hazards to the family or the community.

Types of Assistance: Direct Loans; Project Grants.

Interest Reduction Payments—Rental and Cooperative Housing for Lower Income Families (14.103)

Housing, Department of Housing and Urban Development.

Objectives: To provide good quality rental and cooperative housing for persons of low- and moderate-income by providing interest reduction payments in order to lower their housing costs. (HUD insures lenders against losses on mortgage loans. Insured mortgages may be used to finance the construction or rehabilitation of rental or cooperative detached, semidetached, row, walk-up, or elevator-type structures.)

Types of Assistance: Direct Payments for Specified Use; Guaranteed/Insured Loans.

Mortgage Insurance—Rental Housing for Moderate Income Families (14.135)

Housing, Department of Housing and Urban Development.

Objectives: To provide good quality rental housing within the price range of low and moderate income families. (HUD insures lenders against loss on mortgages. Insured mortgages nay be used to finance construction or rehabilitation of detached, semidetached, row, walk-up, or elevator-type rental housing containing 5 or more units.)

Types of Assistance: Guaranteed/ Insured Loans.

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Mortgage Insurance—Rental and Cooperative Housing for Low and Moderate Income Families, Market Interest Rate (14.137)

Housing, Department of Housing and Urban Development.

Objectives: To provide good quality rental or cooperative housing within the price range of low- and moderate-income families. (HUD insures lenders against loss on mortgages. Insured mortgages may be used to finance construction or rehabilitation of rental or cooperative detached, semidetached, row, walk-up, or elevator structures, with 5 or more units.)

Types of Assistance: Guaranteed/ Insured Loans.

Rent Supplements—Rental Housing for Lower Income Families (14.149)

Housing, Department of Housing and Urban Development.

Objectives: To aid lower-income families in obtaining decent, safe, and sanitary housing in private accommodations and to promote economically mixed existing, newly constructed, and substantially and moderately rehabilitated housing. (Provides housing assistance payments to participating private owners and Public Housing Agencies on behalf of eligible tenant to provide decent, safe, and sanitary housing for lower and very low income families at rents they can afford.)

Types of Assistance: Direct Payments for Specified Use.

Housing for the Elderly or Handicapped 114.157)

Housing, Department of Housing and Urban Development.

Objectives: To provide for rental or cooperative housing and related facilities (such as central dining) for the elderly or handicapped. (Direct loans may be used to finance rental or cooperative detached, semidetached, row, walk-up, or elevator-type structure.)

Types of Assistance: Loans to private nonprofit corporations and consumer cooperatives.

Public Housing--Comprehensive Improvement Assistance Program (14.158)

Housing, Department of Housing and Urban Development.

Objectives: To provide annual contributions to improve the physical condition and upgrade the management and operation of existing public housing projects to assure that they continue to be available to serve low-income families.

Types of Assistance: Direct Loans; Project Grants; Direct Payments for Specified use.

Low Income Housing—Assistance Program (14.146)

Housing, Department of Housing and Urban Development.

Objectives: To remedy the unsafe and unsanitary housing conditions and the acute shortage of decent, safe, and sanitary dwellings for families of lower income through an authorized Public Housing Agency.

Types of Assistance: Direct Payments for specified Use; Direct Loans.

Rural Self-Help Housing Technical Assistance (10.420)

Farmers Home Administration, Department of Agriculture.

Objectives: To provide financial support for the promotion of a program of technical and supervisory assistance which will aid needy low-income individuals and their families in carrying out mutual self-help efforts in rural areas. (Organizations may use technical assistance funds: to hire the personnel to carry out a program of technical assistance for self-help housing in rural areas; to pay necessary and reasonable office and administrative expenses; to make essential equipment such as power tools available to families participating in self-housing

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construction; and to pay fees for training self-help group members in construction techniques or for other professional services needed.)

Types of Assistance: Project Grants.

Health

Human Nutrition Information Service (10.375)

Human Nutrition Information Service (HNIS), Department of Agriculture.

Objectives: To provide information relative to research conducted by HNIS on food consumption, food composition, and nutrition education. To provide human nutrition information to government agencies with missions related to nutrition, private industry, consumers, and consumer groups.

Types of Assistance: Dissemination of Technical Information.

Health Services Research and Development--Grants (13.226)

Office of the Assistant Secretary for Health, Public Health Service, Department of Health and Human Services.

Objectives: To support research, development, demonstration and evaluation activities designed to ensure that comprehensive and systematic efforts are made to develop new options for health services delivery and health policy, to test the assumptions on which current policies and delivery practices are based, and to develop the means for monitoring the performance of the health care system. Also to support research for the development of valid and useful information to communities which are implementing Emergency Medical Service Systems. As part of its broad legislative mandate, the National Center for Health Services Research supports research studies in the following categories of concern: Health Promotion and Disease Prevention; Service Delivery for the Disadvantaged; Health Care Cost and Expenditures; Health Insurance, Health Manpower; Planning Regulation; Technology and Computer Science Applications; Quality of Care; Emergency Medical Services; Long-Term Care; and Special Studies.

Types of Assistance: Project Grants.

Special Supplemental Food Program for Women, Infants, and Children (10.557)

Food and Nutrition Service, Department of Agriculture.

Objectives: To supply supplemental nutritious foods and nutrition education as an adjunct to good health care to low income participants identified to be at nutritional risk with respect to their physical and mental health by reason of inadequate nutrition or health care, or both. (Grants are made to State health or comparable agencies...in order to make supplemental foods available to pregnant, postpartum and breastfeeding women, infants, and children up to five years of age through local public or nonprofit private health or welfare agencies.)

Types of Assistance: Formula Grants.

Health Education

Nutrition Education and Training Program (10.564)

Food and Nutrition Service, Department of Agriculture.

Objectives: To encourage the dissemination of nutrition information to children participating or eligible to participate in the school lunch and related child nutrition programs. (Grants are made to State education agencies to provide for the nutritional training of educational and food service personnel, the food service management training of school food service personnel, and the conduct of nutrition education activities in schools and child care institutions.)

Types of Assistance: Formula Grants.

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National Health Promotion Training Network (13.990)

Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office of the Assistant Secretary for Health, Public Health Service, Department of Health and Human Services.

Objectives: To educate the public about environmental, occupational, societal and behavioral factors that affect health in order that individuals may make informed decisions about health-related behavior. The National Health Promotion Program is a federal focal point for the development, implementation, and coordination of programs that promote good health habits and programs that are designed to prevent disease and disability. (Assistance must be used to satisfy program needs of the National Health Promotion Activities Program, including but not limited to: reaching local human service agencies with training in conducting effective health promotion programs; identifying or developing materials for health promotion programs, such as model curricula for use by universities or community health promotion programs; adding to the scientific data base, especially to fill gaps identified in the "Objectives for the Nation" report; identifying the needs of special population groups—such as Blacks, Hispanics, Asian/Pacific Islander Americans, handicapped and elderly Americans--and finding health promotion programs to meet those special needs; and facilitating health promotion activities at the local level from a central, national base, throuqh education and locally organized activity.) Types of

Assistance: Project Grants (Cooperative Agreements).

Social Programs

Administration for Children, Youth and Families—Child Welfare Research and Demonstration (13.608)

Office of Human Development Services, Department of Health and Human Services.

Objectives: To provide financial support for research and demonstration projects in the area of child and family development and welfare. (Grants are for: (1) special research and demonstration projects in the field of child welfare that are of regional or national significance; (2) special projects for the demonstration of new methods or facilities that show promise of substantial contribution to the advancement of child welfare; and (3) projects for the demonstration of the utilization of research ir. the field of child welfare in order to encourage experimental and special types of welfare services.)

Types of Assistance: Project Grants.

Child Abuse and Neglect Prevention and Treatment (13.628)

Office of Human Development Services, Department of Health and Human Services.

Objectives: To assist State, local, and voluntary agencies and organizations to strengthen their capacities to develop programs that will prevent, identify and treat child abuse and neglect. (Grants or contracts are for: (1) providing technical assistance to public and nonprofit private agencies and organizations; (2) demonstration programs and projects to develop and establish multi-disciplinary training programs; to establish and maintain

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centers to provide a broad range of activities including parent self-help in order to prevent, identify, and treat child abuse and neglect; State grants are made to assist States in developing, strengthening and carrying out child abuse and neglect prevention and treatment programs; (3) research into the causes, prevention, and treatment of child abuse and neglect; (4) formula grants to States to strengthen State capacities to reduce the incidence of child abuse.)

Types of Assistance: Formula Grants; Project Grants.

Corrections—Research and Evaluation and Policy Formulation (16.602)

National Institute of Corrections, Department of Justice.

Objectives: To conduct, encourage, and coordinate research relating to corrections, including the causes, prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of criminal offenders. To conduct evaluation programs that study the effectiveness of new approaches, techniques, systems, programs, and devices employed to improve the corrections system. (Provides assistance for upgrading correctional programs, services, and techniques at State and local levels. Services are available to the entire range of correctional agencies, including probation, parole, institutions, jails, and community programs.)

Types of Assistance: Project Grants; Provision of Specialized Services; Dissemination of Technical Information.

Alcohol, Drug Abuse, and Mental Health Administration, Scientific Communications and Public Education (13.243)

Alcohol, Drug Abuse, and Mental Health Administration, Department of Health and Human Services.

Objectives: To provide the fullest possible dissemination of alcohol, drug abuse, and mental health information through a full-scale program of scientific communications and public information and education activities serving both the professional community and the general public. (No grant funds are provided. Assistance is given in response to the printed and electronic media. Types of public information materials and activities include brochures, fliers, fact sheets, pamphlets and exhibits, news releases, news features, films, television and radio productions, articles for national magazines, and daily assistance to representatives of the public media.)

Types of Assistance: Dissemination of Technical Information.

Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention—Special Emphasis and Technical Assistance (16.541)

Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, Department of Justice.

Objectives: To develop and implement programs that design, test, and demonstrate effective approaches, techniques, and methods for preventing and controlling juvenile delinquency through development and testing of selected approaches for reducing and controlling violent and serious youth crime; utilization of community-based alternatives to traditional forms of official justice system processing; improvement of the capability of public and private agencies to provide delinquency prevention services to youth and their families; development of new approaches and techniques for reducing school drop-outs, unwarranted suspensions, and expulsions; and through support of advocacy by groups and organizations committed to protection and improvement of the legal rights and welfare of youth. To provide technical assistance to Federal, State, and local governments, courts, public and private agencies, institutions, and individuals, in the planning, establishment, operation or

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evaluation of juvenile delinquency programs; and to assist operating agencies having direct responsibilities for prevention and treatment of juvenile delinquency.

Types of Assistance: Project Grants (Contracts).

National Institute for Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (16.542)

Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, Department of Justice.

Objectives: To encourage, coordinate, and conduct research and evaluation of juvenile justice and delinquency prevention activities; to provide a clearinghouse and information center for collecting, publishing, and distributing information on juvenile delinquency; to conduct a national training program; and to establish standards for the administration of juvenile justice.

Types of Assistance: Project Grants (Contracts).

Culture

Institute of Museum Services (45.301)

National Foundation on the Arts and Humanities, Institute of Museum Services.

Objectives: To help ease the increased cost borne by museums as a result of their increasing use by the public; to encourage and assist museums in their educational and conservation roles; to assist museums in modernizing their methods and facilities so that they may be better able to conserve our cultural, historic, and scientific heritage.

Types of Assistance: Direct Payments with Unrestricted Use.

Promotion of the Arts—Museums (45.012)

National Endowment for the Arts, National Foundation on the Arts and the Humanities.

Objectives: To provide grants in support of American museums' essential activities. (Grants may be used for mounting special exhibitions, utilization of collections, visiting specialists, conservation, training of museum professionals, collection maintenance, wide availability of museums, independent study for individuals, museum sabbaticals, and cataloging.)

Types of Assistance: Project Grants.

Promotion of the Arts--Challenge Grants (45.013)

National Endowment for the Arts, National Foundation on the Arts and the Humanities.

Objectives: To enable cultural organizations and institutions (only nonprofit organizations are eligible, includes local governments and State art agencies) to increase the levels of continuing support and to increase the range of contributors to the programs of such organizations or institutions; to provide administrative and management improvements for cultural organizations and institutions, particularly in the field of long-range financial planning; to enable cultural organizations and institutions to increase audience participation and appreciation of programs sponsored by such organizations and institutions; to stimulate greater cooperation among cultural organizations and institutions especially designed to better serve the communities in which such organizations or institutions are located; and to foster greater citizen

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involvement in planning the cultural development of a community.

Types of Assistance: Project Grants.

Promotion of the Arts—Folk Arts (45.015)

National Endowment for the Arts, National Foundation on the Arts and the Humanities.

Objectives: To provide grants to assist, foster, and make publicly available the diverse traditional American folk arts throughout the country. To encourage projects involving those community or family-based arts that have endured through several generations and that carry with them a sense of community aesthetic. Available for the presentation of American folk arts, including festivals and exhibits; for media documentation and dissemination of American folk arts, including local and regional programming on television, radio, sound recordings, film, and videotape; and for the development of organizations professionally involved in the support of folk arts and folk artists. (Eligibility: nonprofit organizations, including State and local governments and State art agencies; individuals who possess exceptional talent.)

Types of Assistance: Project Grants.

Promotion of the Humanities—Humanities Projects in Museums and Historical Organizations (45.125)

National Endowment for the Humanities, National Foundation on the Arts and the Humanities.

Objectives: To assist museums, historical organizations and other similar cultural institutions to implement effective and imaginative programs that use material culture to convey and interpret the humanities to the general adult, out-of-school public. (Eligibility: State and local governments and nonprofit museums, historical organizations, historic sites, zoos, plantaria, botanical gardens, and other institutions capable of implementing public programs in the humanities.)

Types of Assistance: Project Grants.

Block Grants */

The State of Hawaii is also the recipient "block grants" from the Federal Government. The block grants available to the State of Hawaii include the following:

Alcohol, Drug Abuse and Mental Health Services

• Prevention, treatment and rehabilitation program to deal with alcohol and drug abuse;
• Community treatment services for mental and emotional illness;
• Outpatient care for the chronically mentally ill.

Preventive Health

• Comprehensive public health services;
• Rodent control, fluoridation programs, hypertension, antismoking, services to rape victims, and rape prevention programs;

*/ Information on Block Grants obtained from Commissioner Carl Anderson, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.

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• Planning, establishing or improving emergency medical services, but not operations or equipment;
• Home health service agencies (demonstration).

Primary Care

• Community health centers that serve the medically underserved.

Community Services

(The law replaced the antipoverty programs operated under the Economic Opportunity Act by the Community Services Administration, abolished that agency, and provided for the establishment of an Office of Community Services in the Department of Health and Human Services.)

• Programs that address the causes of poverty and encourage self-sufficiency by assisting low-income people in employment, education, housing, emergency assistance, community participation, and by encouraging the involvement of the private sector in these activities.

Low-Income Energy Assistance

• Assistance to low-income households to meet the costs of home energy (heating or cooling), energy crisis intervention or low-cost weatherization.

Maternal and Child Health

• Maternal and child health services, especially for low-income people;
• Crippled children's services, Social Security Insurance for disabled children, lead-based paint programs, genetic disease screening, sudden infant death programs, hemophilia, and adolescent pregnancy.

Social Services

(The law consolidated Title XX Social Services, Day Care, and State and Local Training) • Programs or services to help those with special needs to achieve and maintain a greater degree of economic self-sufficiency and to prevent neglect, abuse or exploitation of children and adults who are unable to protect their own interest. Services may be particularly directed to the special needs of children, older people, handicapped people, emotionally disturbed people, and those who may be addicted to alcohol or drugs;

• Community-based and home-based care to prevent unnecessary institutionalization; service to persons in institutions.

B. STUDY OF MILITARY PROPERTY REQUIREMENTS IN HAWAII

Periodically, the Department of Defense undertakes a study of military property use requirements in Hawaii. A report growing out of such a study was made in January, 1973 (the FRESH study); another report was completed in April, 1979 (MILPRO-HI Report). 7/ The purpose of these reports is to identify landholdings required to support planned military missions and force levels in Hawaii. As part of the study, the Department of Defense identifies DOD-controlled real property that can be made available for release without degradation of the Defense Department's mission. It also reviews joint military/civil use of DOD-controlled property to evaluate existing joint use and to identify

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areas of possible additional joint use. The reviews provide the opportunity for identification of land and facilities that might be made available for native Hawaiian use.

The report notes that total real estate owned by the military in Hawaii is just under 170,000 acres, or about four percent of the total 4,050,000 acres on the eight major islands of the State. Leases, licenses, and easements permit the Defense Department to have non-exclusive use (mostly for training) of about 90,000 acres of open land owned by others. There has been a net reduction of over 25,000 acres from the 1973 Program FRESH total, mostly from the decline in leased training areas. 8/

The MILPR0-H1 Report identifies a number of areas available to be released, totaling over 3,000 acres. 9/ Some of these include ceded lands, which, if released, under the provisions of the P.L. 88-233 (December 23, 1963) must be returned to the State when no longer needed by the Federal Government. 10/ In addition, as part of its analysis of existing and planned land use, the report reviews joint use between the military and civilian users. 11/

To assure that any lands that the Department of Defense releases are considered for use that would meet the unique needs of native Hawaiians, the Commission will provide a copy of i ts Report to the Department of Defense with a request that attention be paid to those needs. In addition, to assure that similar consideration is given for use of ceded lands which, if released by the Department of Defense, are returned to the State, the Commission will make a similar request of the State. 12/

C. PRESIDENT'S FEDERAL PROPERTY REVIEW BOARD

President Reagan has established a program to review federal landholdings (other than military holdings) throughout the country in order to determine what land and buildings are no longer needed for government use and can be disposed of. The federal members of the Commission have worked with the Executive Director of the Federal Property Review Board to ask that the unique needs of the native Hawaiians be considered when property use is reviewed and when disposition is considered.

D. ESTABLISHMENT OF KALOKO/HONOKOHAU NATIONAL HISTORICAL PARK

The Kaloko-Honokohau National Historic Park has specific historical and cultural significance for native Hawaiians. In 1978, Congress passed legislation authorizing the national historical park based essentially on a 1974 report by the National Park Service and a special study commission for the park (P.L. 95-625). The value of land to be acquired for the park was appraised in 1979 at $62 million. Only $25 million has been authorized for acquisition, however. To assist in acquiring land for the park, which is mostly in private ownership, in 1980 Congress passed P.L. 96-514, which authorizes the exchange of federal surplus lands for lands in Kaloko/Honokohau. The Federal Government remains committed to acquisition of the land needed to establish this park, and is continuing to undertake the work and review necessary to establish it. 13/

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FEDERAL RESPONSES TO THE NEEDS OF NATIVE HAWAIIANS

NOTES

1/ Testimony of Winona Rubin to the Native Hawaiians Study Commission, January 15, 1982, p. 2.

2/ P.L. 95-568.

3/ P.L. 95-524

4/ P.L. 95-341.

5/ P.L. 96-398.

6/ 48 U.S.C. § § 691, et seq.

7/ Military Property Requirements in Hawaii (MILPRO-HI), State of Hawaii, April 1979, by the Department of Defense. The study excludes evaluation of Fort DeRussy and the Island of Kahoolawe, in accordance with Secretary of Defense guidelines, but includes that property in total land area evaluations. One commenter stated that sale of Fort DeRussy would be "an insensitive move."

8/ MILPRO-HI, Executive Summary, p. 3.

9/ MILPRO-HI, Section F.

10/ MILPRO-HI, p. A-l.

11/ MILPRO-HI, Section E.

12/ It has been suggested that any surplus federal lands be placed in trust for native Hawaiians. However, present law requires that ceded lands be returned to the State. Statutes regarding federal disposal of surplus property govern disposition of the remaining lands and property.

13/ An analysis was made in March 1982 to assist in expediting acquisition through purchase or exchange.

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